In Situ DDR-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopic study of titania promoting effect on silica supported tungsten catalysts for enhanced propylene metathesis

IF 5.2 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Bhagyesha S. Patil , Alejandra Torres-Velasco , Hashim A. Alzahrani , Skylar Pratt , Juan J. Bravo-Suárez
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Tungsten based catalysts supported on silica (zWOX/SiO2) and silica promoted by titania (zWOX/yTiOX/SiO2) were studied for their catalytic activity towards propylene metathesis. The catalysts were prepared by a simple incipient wetness impregnation method using a large pore SiO2 of intermediate surface area (∼50 m2/g). Catalytic activity studies carried out in a fixed-bed reactor (723 K, 101 kPa propylene) indicated that propylene conversion increased with increasing W loading in zWOx/SiO2 catalysts (z = 0.5−6 W/nm2). It was shown that the catalytic activity of a poorly WOX dispersed 6WOX/SiO2 catalyst could be enhanced and maximized by an optimum titania promotion of 2 wt% TiO2 (∼3 Ti/nm2). In situ differential diffuse reflectance (DDR) UV-Vis spectroscopy at reaction conditions showed that TiOX domain size increased with increases in titania loading from isolated TiOX to TiOX clusters to TiO2 nanocrystals. The UV-Vis results also evidenced the existence of highly dispersed isolated WOX species, WOX clusters, and WO3 nanoparticles in the 6WOX/yTiOX/SiO2 (y = 0.5−6 wt% TiO2 or ∼0.7–9 Ti/nm2) catalysts. In situ DDR-UV-Vis, Raman, and mass spectrometry during propylene metathesis, and catalyst oxidation and reduction revealed the reasons for an optimum amount of titania promoter in 6WOX/2TiOX/SiO2. They were the result of a balanced interplay between two factors: (1) enhanced WOx species dispersion due to the presence of a trimeric TiOX cluster and (2) absence of catalyst deactivation (present at high TiO2 loadings) due to the trimeric TiOX cluster poor reactivity towards coke formation.
原位 DDR-UV-Vis 和拉曼光谱研究二氧化钛对二氧化硅支撑的钨催化剂在增强丙烯偏析中的促进作用
研究了以二氧化硅(zWOX/SiO2)和二氧化钛促进的二氧化硅(zWOX/yTiOX/SiO2)为载体的钨基催化剂对丙烯偏析的催化活性。催化剂的制备采用了简单的萌发湿法浸渍法,使用的是中等比表面积(∼50 m2/g)的大孔二氧化硅。在固定床反应器(723 K,101 kPa 丙烯)中进行的催化活性研究表明,丙烯转化率随着 zWOx/SiO2 催化剂中 W 负载的增加而提高(z = 0.5-6 W/nm2)。研究表明,通过 2 wt% TiO2(∼3 Ti/nm2)的最佳二氧化钛促进剂,可提高 WOX 分散性较差的 6WOX/SiO2 催化剂的催化活性,并使其达到最大化。反应条件下的原位微分漫反射(DDR)紫外-可见光谱显示,随着二氧化钛负载量的增加,TiOX 的畴尺寸也在增加,从孤立的 TiOX 到 TiOX 簇,再到 TiO2 纳米晶体。紫外可见光谱结果还证明,6WOX/yTiOX/SiO2(y = 0.5-6 wt% TiO2 或 ∼0.7-9 Ti/nm2)催化剂中存在高度分散的孤立 WOX 物种、WOX 簇和 WO3 纳米颗粒。丙烯偏析、催化剂氧化和还原过程中的原位 DDR-UV-Vis、拉曼和质谱分析揭示了 6WOX/2TiOX/SiO2 中二氧化钛促进剂达到最佳用量的原因。它们是两个因素平衡相互作用的结果:(1) 三聚 TiOX 簇的存在增强了 WOx 物种的分散;(2) 由于三聚 TiOX 簇对焦炭形成的反应性较差,催化剂不会失活(TiO2 负载较高时出现)。
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来源期刊
Catalysis Today
Catalysis Today 化学-工程:化工
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
3.80%
发文量
573
审稿时长
2.9 months
期刊介绍: Catalysis Today focuses on the rapid publication of original invited papers devoted to currently important topics in catalysis and related subjects. The journal only publishes special issues (Proposing a Catalysis Today Special Issue), each of which is supervised by Guest Editors who recruit individual papers and oversee the peer review process. Catalysis Today offers researchers in the field of catalysis in-depth overviews of topical issues. Both fundamental and applied aspects of catalysis are covered. Subjects such as catalysis of immobilized organometallic and biocatalytic systems are welcome. Subjects related to catalysis such as experimental techniques, adsorption, process technology, synthesis, in situ characterization, computational, theoretical modeling, imaging and others are included if there is a clear relationship to catalysis.
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