Ambient-pressure relithiation of spent LiFePO4 using alkaline solutions enables direct regeneration of lithium-ion battery cathodes

IF 8.9 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS
Xuejing Qiu , Chenyan Wang , Yongzhi Liu , Qing Han , Lingling Xie , Limin Zhu , Xiaoyu Cao
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Abstract

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is widely recognized for its cost-effectiveness in manufacturing and high safety during usage, making it a favored choice for electric vehicles and energy storage stations. Nevertheless, the development of efficient and low-cost recycling methods has emerged as an urgent priority due to the economic and environmental benefits associated with it. Here, the present study successfully demonstrates the ambient-pressure relithiation of lithium-deficient LiFePO4 particles in alkaline solutions. Specifically, the incorporation of reductive sodium nitrite with lower redox potential in the alkaline environment spontaneously repairs the compositional and structural defects, facilitating effective lithium-ion insertion back into the original site. Consequently, the short-term annealing step promotes the formation of more thermodynamically stable particles, resulting in enhanced cycling stability and rate capability comparable to that of the pristine materials. The regenerated LiFePO4 cathode exhibits improved electrochemical performance in terms of long-term cyclability, high-rate properties and reduced polarization (a high retention of 93 % after 1000 cycles at 5C). The findings of this study suggest the significant potential for utilizing various reductants in an alkaline environment to achieve ambient-pressure relithiation, thereby facilitating the recycling and remanufacturing of spent lithium-ion cathode materials.
使用碱性溶液对用过的磷酸铁锂进行常压再ithiation,实现锂离子电池正极的直接再生
磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)因其制造成本低、使用安全性高而广受认可,成为电动汽车和储能站的首选。然而,由于与之相关的经济和环境效益,开发高效、低成本的回收方法已成为当务之急。本研究成功证明了碱性溶液中缺锂磷酸铁锂颗粒的常压再锂化。具体来说,在碱性环境中加入具有较低氧化还原电位的还原性亚硝酸钠,可自发修复成分和结构缺陷,从而促进锂离子有效地插入到原来的位置。因此,短期退火步骤可促进形成热力学上更稳定的颗粒,从而提高循环稳定性和速率能力,与原始材料不相上下。再生的磷酸铁锂阴极在长期循环性、高速率特性和降低极化(在 5C 下循环 1000 次后保持率高达 93%)方面表现出更好的电化学性能。这项研究的结果表明,在碱性环境中利用各种还原剂实现常压再铁素体化具有巨大的潜力,从而促进了废旧锂离子正极材料的回收和再制造。
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来源期刊
Journal of energy storage
Journal of energy storage Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
24.50%
发文量
2262
审稿时长
69 days
期刊介绍: Journal of energy storage focusses on all aspects of energy storage, in particular systems integration, electric grid integration, modelling and analysis, novel energy storage technologies, sizing and management strategies, business models for operation of storage systems and energy storage developments worldwide.
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