Comparative study of methodologies for SOH diagnosis and forecast of LFP and NMC lithium batteries used in electric vehicles

IF 8.9 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS
F.A. Vásquez, P. Sara Gaitán, Jorge A. Calderón
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The exponential growth of electric mobility requires alternatives to extend the life of batteries in new applications and reduce the environmental impact of retired lithium batteries. The second life is an economic and environment-friendly alternative for battery management. The development of fast, low-cost, and reliable diagnostic methodologies makes it possible to increase the economic benefits and reduce the remanufacturing time of second-life batteries (SLBs). In the present work, battery state of health (SOH) distribution analysis, incremental capacity (IC), internal resistance (IR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied as diagnostic methodologies for two different chemistries of lithium-ion batteries previously used in electric vehicles (EV). In addition, module equalization in batteries was done in order to assess whether the state of module charge (SOC) variation affects the SOH. The results demonstrate that the diagnosis methodology depends on the chemistry of the battery, and that there is no single reliable diagnostic procedure that can be applied to all types of lithium-ion batteries. It was determined that the most adequate diagnostic method for LFP batteries (LiFePO4 cathode) is the IC method, while for NMC batteries (LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 cathode) the IR and EIS diagnostic methods are the most appropriate. Similarly, the present work proposed a simple methodology for IC capacity diagnosis and a general expression for SOH determination by IC and incremental voltage diagnosis of LFP batteries. Higher stability of LFP respect to NMC modules was observed during the SLBs performance, retaining >99 % after 500 cycles for LFP, compared with 90.2 % for NMC. The remaining useful life (RUL) shows that there are kinetics and lithium inventory changes in the batteries temperature-dependent.
电动汽车中使用的 LFP 和 NMC 锂电池 SOH 诊断和预测方法的比较研究
电动汽车的指数式增长需要有替代品来延长新应用中的电池寿命,并减少报废锂电池对环境的影响。二次生命是电池管理的一种既经济又环保的替代方案。快速、低成本和可靠诊断方法的开发,使提高二次寿命电池(SLB)的经济效益和缩短再制造时间成为可能。在本研究中,电池健康状况(SOH)分布分析、增量容量(IC)、内阻(IR)和电化学阻抗光谱(EIS)被用作诊断方法,适用于以前在电动汽车(EV)中使用的两种不同化学成分的锂离子电池。此外,还对电池中的模块进行了均衡,以评估模块充电状态(SOC)的变化是否会影响 SOH。结果表明,诊断方法取决于电池的化学性质,没有一种可靠的诊断程序可适用于所有类型的锂离子电池。经确定,对于 LFP 电池(LiFePO4 正极),最适当的诊断方法是 IC 方法,而对于 NMC 电池(LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 正极),IR 和 EIS 诊断方法最合适。同样,本研究提出了 IC 容量诊断的简单方法,以及通过 IC 和增量电压诊断 LFP 电池来确定 SOH 的一般表达式。与 NMC 模块相比,LFP 电池在 SLB 性能方面具有更高的稳定性,在 500 次循环后,LFP 电池的稳定性为 99%,而 NMC 电池的稳定性为 90.2%。剩余使用寿命(RUL)表明,电池中的动力学和锂库存变化与温度有关。
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来源期刊
Journal of energy storage
Journal of energy storage Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
24.50%
发文量
2262
审稿时长
69 days
期刊介绍: Journal of energy storage focusses on all aspects of energy storage, in particular systems integration, electric grid integration, modelling and analysis, novel energy storage technologies, sizing and management strategies, business models for operation of storage systems and energy storage developments worldwide.
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