Self-polarized cellulose nanofiber-reinforced PVDF-based piezoelectric composites via direct-ink-writing 3D printing for pressure sensing and energy harvesting

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2024.116084

Lei Liu , Ping Huang , Shunjian Xu , Xiao Chen , Kai Fu , Jinbo Li , Hao Liu , Wenxiang Xue , Kaixin Shao , Shupeng Wu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

With their unique physicochemical properties, PVDF-based piezoelectric materials demonstrate significant potential in various fields. Nevertheless, their benign piezoelectric performance is usually obtained through polarization post-treatment after material formation. In this study, a self-polarized direct-ink-writing (DIW) 3D printing strategy is proposed for one-step fabrication of high-performance PVDF/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) piezoelectric composites with low energy consumption. Under the synergistic effects of shear/stretching from DIW and hydrogen bonding between PVDF and CNF, α-phase PVDF undergoes gauche-trans conformational transformation into β phase. And then β-phase PVDF is dragged by high aspect ratio CNF into bead-like small crystals to form a multilayered oriented structure, resulting in abundant oriented dipole moments. PVDF/CNF composites with different weight ratios are printed using this strategy, and the results show that the composite film with 5 wt% CNF content exhibits the best piezoelectric performance. Without additional polarization treatment, it achieves a sensitivity of 103 mV/N, 2.2 times higher than conventional cast films. The composite also demonstrates good linear response and durability, meeting the requirements for human motion monitoring and mechanical energy harvesting. This work has opened up new avenues for the efficient and low-energy fabrication of flexible wearable and energy-harvesting devices.

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通过直接墨水写入 3D 打印技术实现自极化纤维素纳米纤维增强 PVDF 基压电复合材料，用于压力传感和能量收集

PVDF 基压电材料具有独特的物理化学特性，在各个领域都显示出巨大的潜力。然而，其良性压电性能通常需要在材料形成后通过极化后处理才能获得。本研究提出了一种自极化直接墨水写入（DIW）三维打印策略，用于一步制备低能耗的高性能 PVDF/ 纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）压电复合材料。在 DIW 产生的剪切/拉伸以及 PVDF 和 CNF 之间的氢键协同作用下，α 相 PVDF 经历了向 β 相的高反构象转变。然后，β 相 PVDF 被高纵横比 CNF 拖拽成珠状小晶体，形成多层取向结构，从而产生丰富的取向偶极矩。利用这种策略印制了不同重量比的 PVDF/CNF 复合材料，结果表明 CNF 含量为 5 wt% 的复合薄膜具有最佳的压电性能。在没有额外极化处理的情况下，它的灵敏度达到 103 mV/N，是传统铸膜的 2.2 倍。该复合材料还表现出良好的线性响应和耐用性，符合人体运动监测和机械能采集的要求。这项工作为高效、低能耗地制造柔性可穿戴设备和能量收集设备开辟了新途径。

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...