Intrinsic brittleness of laser powder bed fusion processed H13 hot work tool steel

IF 10.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.addma.2024.104564

Sung-Ho Kim , Sang Guk Jeong , Dong Min Son , Hyoung Seop Kim , Sung-Joon Kim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion processed H13 hot work tool steels (L-H13) show promising tensile and hardness properties compared to their commercial counterpart, C-H13. However, L-H13 consistently exhibits lower impact toughness than C-H13, necessitating a deeper understanding of its brittleness and the optimization of tempering conditions. Initial comparisons reveal similar tensile and elastic properties between L-H13 and C-H13 before tempering. However, after 24 h tempering at 550 ℃, the bulk modulus of L-H13 increased by 5.8 %, while the bulk modulus of C-H13 increased by 20.3 %. In addition, C-H13 exhibits an improvement in impact toughness after tempering, accompanied by a transition from brittle to ductile fracture mode. In contrast, L-H13 did not change its impact toughness and fracture mode despite tempering. The observed precipitation behavior and decrease in solute carbon with tempering time indicated slower tempering kinetics for L-H13 than for C-H13. Considering the amount of solute carbon and carbide phase fraction, bulk modulus simulation confirmed that the 0.083 wt% C remaining in L-H13 after 24 h tempering and low carbide fraction resulted in a bulk modulus 20 % lower than that of C-H13. In addition, using the Pugh and Pettifor ductility and brittleness criteria, the ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus of L-H13 exceeded 0.57, indicating its intrinsic brittleness.

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激光粉末床熔融加工 H13 热作工具钢的内在脆性

激光粉末床熔融加工的 H13 热作工具钢（L-H13）与其商用同类产品 C-H13 相比，显示出良好的拉伸和硬度特性。然而，L-H13 的冲击韧性始终低于 C-H13，因此有必要深入了解其脆性并优化回火条件。初步比较显示，L-H13 和 C-H13 在回火前具有相似的拉伸和弹性特性。然而，在 550 ℃ 回火 24 小时后，L-H13 的体积模量增加了 5.8%，而 C-H13 的体积模量增加了 20.3%。此外，C-H13 在回火后显示出冲击韧性的提高，并伴随着从脆性断裂模式到韧性断裂模式的转变。相比之下，尽管进行了回火处理，L-H13 的冲击韧性和断裂模式并没有发生变化。观察到的沉淀行为和随回火时间而减少的溶质碳表明，L-H13 的回火动力学慢于 C-H13。考虑到溶质碳的数量和碳化物相的组分，体积模量模拟证实，L-H13 在 24 小时回火后剩余 0.083 wt% 的碳和较低的碳化物组分导致其体积模量比 C-H13 低 20%。此外，根据 Pugh 和 Pettifor 的延展性和脆性标准，L-H13 的剪切模量与体积模量之比超过了 0.57，表明其具有内在脆性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Additive manufacturing Materials Science-General Materials Science

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

12.70%

发文量

648

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： Additive Manufacturing stands as a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to delivering high-quality research papers and reviews in the field of additive manufacturing, serving both academia and industry leaders. The journal's objective is to recognize the innovative essence of additive manufacturing and its diverse applications, providing a comprehensive overview of current developments and future prospects. The transformative potential of additive manufacturing technologies in product design and manufacturing is poised to disrupt traditional approaches. In response to this paradigm shift, a distinctive and comprehensive publication outlet was essential. Additive Manufacturing fulfills this need, offering a platform for engineers, materials scientists, and practitioners across academia and various industries to document and share innovations in these evolving technologies.