Activated charcoal supplementation in cottonseed meal-based feed improved growth performance and antioxidant capacity through enhancing intestinal barrier function in grass carp juveniles (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102442

Hengchen Liu , Zhengyan Gu , Yan Lin , Shanshan Shao , Mohammed Kebede Kassaw , Shiyou Chen , Wenqiang Jiang , Linjie Qian , Siyue Lu , Siming Li , Linghong Miao

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Abstract

To evaluate the efficiency of activated charcoal (AC) in cottonseed meal-based feed (CSM; 38.46 % CSM, 1275 mg/kg free gossypol), experimental diets supplemented with 0 % AC, 1.5 % AC and 3.0 % AC were prepared and used to feed grass carp juveniles (Ctenopharyngodon idellus, initial weight of 5.0±0.5 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the 1.5 % AC group significantly increased final body weight (FBW), weight growth rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and activated the expressions of intestinal barrier-associated genes zonula occludens-1 (zo-1), zo-2 and claudin-c compared with 0 % AC group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the 1.5 % AC and the 3.0 % AC groups significantly promoted the expression of claudin-12 (P < 0.05). Compared with the 0 % AC group, the 1.5 % AC group had significantly higher total protein (TP) concentration and significantly lower glucose (GLU) concentration and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (P < 0.05). Liver antioxidant results showed that supplementation with 1.5 % AC and 3.0 % AC groups significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity (P < 0.05). Total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly higher in the 1.5 % AC group than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). The antioxidant gene results showed that gr and GST omega 1 (gsto1) levels were significantly higher in the 3.0 % AC group than in the 0 % AC group (P < 0.05). The 1.5 % AC group significantly promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) expression, and the 1.5 % AC and 3.0 % AC groups significantly inhibited the expressions of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1a) and keap1b (P < 0.05). Liver apoptotic and inflammatory genes showed that the expressions of caspase 9 (casp9), BCL2 associated X a (baxa), nuclear factor-kappa B (nfκb) and inhibitor of kappa B (iκb) were significantly lower in the 1.5 % AC group than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). The expression of casp8 in the 1.5 % AC group was significantly lower than in the 0 % AC group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and iκb kinase-beta (ikkβ) were significantly suppressed in the 1.5 % AC group and 3.0 % AC group (P < 0.05). In summary, 1.5 % AC supplementation in CSM-based feed can enhance intestinal barrier function, alleviate CSM-based feed-induced apoptosis, improve liver antioxidant, and thus promote grass carp weight growth rate.

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在以棉籽粕为基础的饲料中添加活性炭，通过增强草鱼幼鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）的肠道屏障功能改善其生长性能和抗氧化能力

为了评估棉籽粕基饲料（CSM；38.46 % CSM，1275 mg/kg游离棉酚）中活性炭（AC）的效率，制备了添加0 % AC、1.5 % AC和3.0 % AC的实验日粮，用于饲喂草鱼幼鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus，初始体重为5.0±0.5 g）8周。结果表明，与 0 % AC 组相比，1.5 % AC 组显著增加了最终体重（FBW）、体重增长率（WGR）和特定增长率（SGR），并激活了肠屏障相关基因 zonula occludens-1 (zo-1)、zo-2 和 claudin-c 的表达（P < 0.05）。此外，1.5 % AC 组和 3.0 % AC 组明显促进了 claudin-12 的表达（P < 0.05）。与 0 % AC 组相比，1.5 % AC 组的总蛋白（TP）浓度明显升高，葡萄糖（GLU）浓度和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性明显降低（P < 0.05）。肝脏抗氧化结果显示，补充 1.5 % AC 和 3.0 % AC 组明显降低丙二醛（MDA）含量，提高谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性（P <0.05）。总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）和谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）活性在 1.5 % AC 组明显高于其他组（P < 0.05）。抗氧化基因结果显示，3.0 % AC 组的 gr 和 GST omega 1（gsto1）水平明显高于 0 % AC 组（P < 0.05）。1.5 % AC 组明显促进核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2（nrf2）的表达，1.5 % AC 组和 3.0 % AC 组明显抑制 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1（keap1a）和 keap1b 的表达（P < 0.05）。肝脏凋亡和炎症基因显示，caspase 9 (casp9)、BCL2 associated X a (baxa)、nuclear factor-kappa B (nfκb) 和 inhibitor of kappa B (iκb) 的表达在 1.5% AC 组明显低于其他组（P < 0.05）。1.5 % AC 组中 casp8 的表达明显低于 0 % AC 组（P < 0.05）。此外，p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）和κb 激酶-β（ikkβ）的表达在 1.5 % AC 组和 3.0 % AC 组明显受到抑制（P < 0.05）。综上所述，在CSM基饲料中添加1.5% AC可增强肠道屏障功能，缓解CSM基饲料诱导的细胞凋亡，提高肝脏抗氧化能力，从而促进草鱼体重增长。

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来源期刊

Aquaculture Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

8.10%

发文量

469

审稿时长

77 days

期刊介绍： Aquaculture Reports will publish original research papers and reviews documenting outstanding science with a regional context and focus, answering the need for high quality information on novel species, systems and regions in emerging areas of aquaculture research and development, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, urban aquaculture, ornamental, unfed aquaculture, offshore aquaculture and others. Papers having industry research as priority and encompassing product development research or current industry practice are encouraged.