Anxiety symptoms are differentially associated with facial expression processing in boys and girls.

Gaelle E Doucet, Jordanna A Kruse, Ahrianna Keefe, Danielle L Rice, Anna T Coutant, Haley Pulliam, OgheneTejiri V Smith, Vince D Calhoun, Julia M Stephen, Yu-Ping Wang, Stuart F White, Giorgia Picci, Brittany K Taylor, Tony W Wilson
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Abstract

Facial expressions convey important social information and can initiate behavioral change through the processing and understanding of emotions. However, while this ability is known to evolve throughout development, it remains unclear whether this ability differs between girls and boys or how other variables such as level of anxiety can modulate it. Furthermore, understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of facial expression processing and how they are linked by sex and anxiety during development is essential, as alterations in this processing have been associated with psychiatric disorders. Herein, 191 typically developing youth (6- to 15-years old) completed an implicit face processing task involving three facial expressions (angry, happy, and neutral) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We conducted linear models on the fMRI data to investigate the impact sex and anxiety on brain responses to emotional faces, accounting for age. Our findings indicated a significant anxiety-by-sex interaction in a posterior network covering bilateral visual and medial temporal cortices during the happy > neutral contrast. Specifically, girls with higher anxiety showed weaker activation while boys showed the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that the inter-subject variability reported in typically developing individuals in response to facial emotions may be related to many factors, including sex and anxiety level.

男孩和女孩的焦虑症状与面部表情处理有不同的关联。
面部表情传递着重要的社会信息,并能通过对情绪的处理和理解引发行为变化。然而,虽然人们知道这种能力在整个发育过程中都会发生变化,但这种能力在男孩和女孩之间是否存在差异,或者焦虑程度等其他变量如何调节这种能力,目前仍不清楚。此外,了解面部表情处理的潜在神经机制以及它们在发育过程中如何与性别和焦虑相关联也是至关重要的,因为面部表情处理的改变与精神疾病有关。在此,191 名发育正常的青少年(6-15 岁)在功能磁共振成像中完成了一项涉及三种面部表情(愤怒、快乐和中性)的内隐面部加工任务。在考虑年龄因素的情况下,我们对 fMRI 数据建立了线性模型,以研究性别和焦虑对大脑对情绪面孔反应的影响。我们的研究结果表明,在 "快乐 "与 "中性 "的对比中,焦虑与性别之间在一个涵盖双侧视觉和内侧颞叶皮层的后部网络中存在明显的交互作用。具体来说,焦虑程度较高的女孩表现出较弱的激活,而男孩则表现出相反的模式。这些研究结果表明,典型发育个体对面部情绪反应的受试者间差异可能与许多因素有关,包括性别和焦虑程度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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