Protective Role of Vitamin B6 Against Teratogenic Effects Induced by Lead in Chick Embryo

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2416

Waheed Ahmad, Muhammad Ali Kanwal, Iram Inayat, Syeda Nadia Ahmad, Aima Iram Batool, Nazish Ghazanfar, Rabia Idrees, Sadia Suleman, Asma Younis, Khawaja Raees Ahmad

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Heavy metals like lead (Pb) have been used by humans for a very long time, but throughout the industrial revolution, their use expanded, increasing exposure to the metal. Lead, however, has no biological purpose in the human body and is hazardous when it gets into soft tissues and organs. Lead is still used in a variety of industries, including battery manufacturing and car maintenance, despite efforts to limit its usage.

Objective

This study investigates the teratogenic and morphometric effects of lead on chick embryos and the potential ameliorative effects of vitamin B6.

Methods

Two hundred fertilized eggs from the golden black chicken were divided into four groups: control, lead acetate, vitamin B6, and lead + vitamin B6.

Results

On the 14th day, embryos were analyzed. Significant reductions in body weight and size were observed in the lead-exposed group (33.93 ± 1.27 g) compared to the control (41.12 ± 0.97 g). Pronounced deformities included rudimentary beaks, protruding eyes, tridactyl limbs, hydrocephaly, and neck deformities. Appendicular deformities like phocomelia, amelia, and abnormal phalanges growth were also noted. Vitamin B6 demonstrated therapeutic benefits, significantly improving mean embryo weight in the Lead + Vitamin B6 group (42.37 ± 0.99 g). The lead-exposed group showed a reduction in maxilla length (3.61 ± 1.30 mm) compared to the Lead + Vitamin B6 group (7.57 ± 0.79 mm). This group also showed reduced severity of muscular dystrophy and bone thinning, with signs of recovery in beak and bone sizes.

Conclusions

The study highlights vitamin B6's beneficial impact in mitigating lead's toxic effects on chick embryonic development.

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维生素 B6 对雏鸡胚胎中铅诱导的畸胎效应的保护作用

背景：人类使用铅（Pb）等重金属由来已久，但在整个工业革命期间，重金属的使用范围不断扩大，从而增加了人类接触金属的机会。然而，铅在人体内没有生物作用，一旦进入软组织和器官就会造成危害。尽管人们努力限制铅的使用，但铅仍被用于电池制造和汽车维修等多个行业：本研究调查了铅对小鸡胚胎的致畸和形态学影响，以及维生素 B6 的潜在改善作用：方法：将 200 枚金乌鸡受精卵分为四组：对照组、醋酸铅组、维生素 B6 组和铅 + 维生素 B6 组：第 14 天，对胚胎进行分析。与对照组（41.12 ± 0.97 克）相比，铅暴露组（33.93 ± 1.27 克）的体重和体型显著下降。明显的畸形包括喙不发育、眼球突出、四肢三足、头畸形和颈部畸形。此外，还出现了趾骨畸形、羊角畸形和趾骨生长异常等附肢畸形。维生素 B6 具有治疗作用，可显著提高铅＋维生素 B6 组的平均胚胎重量（42.37 ± 0.99 克）。铅暴露组的上颌骨长度（3.61 ± 1.30 毫米）比铅+维生素 B6 组（7.57 ± 0.79 毫米）有所减少。该组的肌肉萎缩和骨质稀疏的严重程度也有所减轻，喙和骨的大小也有恢复迹象：该研究强调了维生素 B6 在减轻铅对小鸡胚胎发育的毒性影响方面的有益影响。

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来源期刊

Birth Defects Research Medicine-Embryology

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

9.50%

发文量

153

期刊介绍： The journal Birth Defects Research publishes original research and reviews in areas related to the etiology of adverse developmental and reproductive outcome. In particular the journal is devoted to the publication of original scientific research that contributes to the understanding of the biology of embryonic development and the prenatal causative factors and mechanisms leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely structural and functional birth defects, pregnancy loss, postnatal functional defects in the human population, and to the identification of prenatal factors and biological mechanisms that reduce these risks. Adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes may have genetic, environmental, nutritional or epigenetic causes. Accordingly, the journal Birth Defects Research takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in its organization and publication strategy. The journal Birth Defects Research contains separate sections for clinical and molecular teratology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and reviews in developmental biology to acknowledge and accommodate the integrative nature of research in this field. Each section has a dedicated editor who is a leader in his/her field and who has full editorial authority in his/her area.