Stability Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid with Inclined MHD and Joule Effects: Flow Reversal and Flow Separation

Abstract

In this paper, we have analyzed the stability of multiple solutions for the forced convective flow of Ti-alloy-MWCNT and water-based hybrid nanofluid with inclined MHD and Joule effects over an exponentially shrinking sheet. To provide the mathematical modeling of hybrid nanofluid, the Choi and Eastman model has been adopted. The flow governing equations arising from this analysis are converted into a system of ODEs using suitable similarity variables and then solved numerically using the shooting method. The graphical representations of the results are illustrated to elaborate interesting features in the presence of physically effective parameters like inclined magnetic field, Joule parameter, volume fraction, and suction parameters. As a result, we noticed the existence of dual solutions within the limited range of inclined magnetic, shrinking, and suction parameters. Hence, the stability of these solutions is checked by using temporal stability analysis. Further, we noticed that first solution is stable, whereas second solution is unstable through the smallest eigenvalue approach. Also, the streamlines are displayed to visualize the flow patterns. Moreover, the flow separation point and the flow reversal are identified. Finally, the delay of boundary layer separation is pointed out.