Tracing Pharmaceuticals in Water Systems: Focus on Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Treatments.

IF 6.8 Q1 TOXICOLOGY

Journal of Xenobiotics Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI:10.3390/jox14040096

Paula Paíga, Cristina Delerue-Matos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems pose significant environmental and public health challenges. Identifying the presence and levels of these pharmaceuticals is crucial. This study developed an analytical method to detect pharmaceuticals used for Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) disease, including psychiatric drugs and the stimulant caffeine, targeting 30 compounds. Optimized mass spectrometric and liquid chromatographic parameters enabled robust detection and quantification. The methodology was applied to 25 surface and wastewater samples. Twenty-one compounds were detected including eight psychiatric drugs, five metabolites (citalopram N-oxide, citalopram propionic acid, desmethylcitalopram, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine), and seven AD/PD pharmaceuticals along with caffeine. Nine compounds (apomorphine, benserazide, donepezil, didemethylcitalopram, carbidopa, norfluoxetine, galantamine, pramipexole, and safinamide) were not detected. Fluoxetine was found in all samples, and caffeine had the highest concentration at 76,991 ng/L, reflecting its high consumption. Concentrations ranged from 29.8 to 656 ng/L for caffeine,

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追踪水系统中的药物：关注神经退行性疾病和精神疾病治疗。

水生生态系统中的药物残留对环境和公共健康构成了重大挑战。确定这些药物的存在和含量至关重要。本研究针对 30 种化合物开发了一种分析方法，用于检测治疗阿尔茨海默氏症（AD）和帕金森氏症（PD）的药物，包括精神类药物和兴奋剂咖啡因。优化的质谱和液相色谱参数实现了可靠的检测和定量。该方法适用于 25 个地表和废水样本。结果检测到 21 种化合物，包括 8 种精神药物、5 种代谢物（西酞普兰 N-氧化物、西酞普兰丙酸、去甲西酞普兰、O-去甲文拉法辛和 10,11-环氧卡马西平）以及 7 种 AD/PD 药物和咖啡因。九种化合物（阿朴吗啡、苄丝肼、多奈哌齐、去甲西酞普兰、卡比多巴、诺氟西汀、加兰他敏、普拉克索和沙芬那胺）未检出。在所有样本中都发现了氟西汀，咖啡因的浓度最高，为 76,991 纳克/升，这反映了咖啡因的高消耗量。咖啡因的浓度范围为 29.8 至 656 纳克/升、

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Xenobiotics TOXICOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

1.70%

发文量

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Xenobiotics publishes original studies concerning the beneficial (pharmacology) and detrimental effects (toxicology) of xenobiotics in all organisms. A xenobiotic (“stranger to life”) is defined as a chemical that is not usually found at significant concentrations or expected to reside for long periods in organisms. In addition to man-made chemicals, natural products could also be of interest if they have potent biological properties, special medicinal properties or that a given organism is at risk of exposure in the environment. Topics dealing with abiotic- and biotic-based transformations in various media (xenobiochemistry) and environmental toxicology are also of interest. Areas of interests include the identification of key physical and chemical properties of molecules that predict biological effects and persistence in the environment; the molecular mode of action of xenobiotics; biochemical and physiological interactions leading to change in organism health; pathophysiological interactions of natural and synthetic chemicals; development of biochemical indicators including new “-omics” approaches to identify biomarkers of exposure or effects for xenobiotics.