Evaluating the evening carbohydrate dilemma: the effect of within-the-day carbohydrate periodization on body composition and physical fitness.

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Angelos Vlahoyiannis, Eleni Andreou, George Aphamis, Kyriakos Felekkis, Myrtani Pieri, Giorgos K Sakkas, Christoforos D Giannaki
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the effects of carbohydrate timing and type on body composition and physical fitness.

Methods: Forty-two healthy, trained male volunteers underwent a four-week intervention, randomly divided into three groups: (i) Sleep Low-No Carbohydrates (SL-NCHO): consuming all carbohydrate intake at regular intervals prior to evening training, (ii) Sleep High-Low Glycemic Index (SH-LGI), and (iii) Sleep High-High Glycemic Index (SH-HGI). In both SH-LGI and SH-HGI, carbohydrates were distributed throughout the day, both pre-(60% of total intake) and post-evening training (40% of total intake). The SH-LGI and SH-HGI groups diverged in evening carbohydrate quality, featuring LGI and HGI foods, respectively. All participants performed a standardized exercise program combining resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training. Body composition was assessed using skinfold measurements and bioelectrical impendence analysis. Physical fitness was assessed by measuring VO2max, Visual Reaction Time (VRT), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in hack squat, chest press, shoulder press, and lat-pulldown exercises.

Results: There was a significant time-effect on both body composition and physical fitness indices. Bodyfat percentage decreased by an average of 1.5% (p < 0.001), fat-mass by 1.4 kg (p < 0.001) and fat-free mass increased by 0.9 kg (p = 0.006). A time-effect was also observed in VO2max, CMJ, 1RM testing, and VRT (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among interventions.

Conclusions: A balanced dietary plan with sufficient nutrient and energy intake promotes body composition optimization and physical fitness, independently of carbohydrate type or timing. This study points towards implementing flexible nutrition interventions, emphasizing the potential of tailored dietary strategies to optimize health and physical fitness.

Trial registration number: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05464342.

评估晚间碳水化合物的困境:日内碳水化合物周期化对身体成分和体能的影响。
目的:评估碳水化合物的摄入时间和类型对身体成分和体能的影响:42名受过训练的健康男性志愿者接受了为期四周的干预,随机分为三组:(i) 低碳水化合物睡眠组(SL-NCHO):在晚间训练前定时摄入所有碳水化合物;(ii) 高血糖指数睡眠组(SH-LGI);(iii) 高血糖指数睡眠组(SH-HGI)。在SH-LGI和SH-HGI中,碳水化合物都是全天分配的,包括训练前(占总摄入量的60%)和晚上训练后(占总摄入量的40%)。SH-LGI 组和 SH-HGI 组的晚间碳水化合物质量不同,分别以 LGI 和 HGI 食物为主。所有参与者都进行了标准化的运动项目,包括阻力运动和高强度间歇训练。身体成分通过皮褶测量和生物电阻抗分析进行评估。通过测量VO2max、视觉反应时间(VRT)、反向运动跳跃(CMJ)以及深蹲、胸压、肩压和下蹲运动的1次重复最大值(1RM)来评估体能:结果:身体成分和体能指数都有明显的时间效应。体脂率平均下降了 1.5%(p 2max、CMJ、1RM 测试和 VRT(均为 p 结论:通过对身体成分和体能指标的时间效应研究,我们发现,身体成分和体能指标都有明显的时间效应:摄入充足营养和能量的均衡膳食计划可促进身体成分的优化和体能的提高,与碳水化合物的种类和时间无关。这项研究为实施灵活的营养干预措施指明了方向,强调了量身定制的饮食策略在优化健康和体能方面的潜力:该试验已在 clinicaltrials.gov 登记为 NCT05464342。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
2.00%
发文量
295
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Nutrition publishes original papers, reviews, and short communications in the nutritional sciences. The manuscripts submitted to the European Journal of Nutrition should have their major focus on the impact of nutrients and non-nutrients on immunology and inflammation, gene expression, metabolism, chronic diseases, or carcinogenesis, or a major focus on epidemiology, including intervention studies with healthy subjects and with patients, biofunctionality of food and food components, or the impact of diet on the environment.
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