Neuromorphic peripheral sensory-computer interface embodied by two-dimensional ultrasensitive circuits

Abstract

The development of neuromorphic interfaces that mimic the exquisite sensitivity and real-time processing capabilities of the biological nervous system poses significant challenges in robotics and medical fields. In this work, we introduce a peripheral sensory-computer interface (PSCI) that employs an ultrasensitive, low-power, and atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transistor array. This novel interface captures and decodes bioelectrical signals (∼ μV) from sensory nerves with unprecedented precision. Designed to enhance the accuracy of medical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions, the PSCI provides real-time, high-fidelity processing of sensory bio-signals and closed-loop control of bioelectrical stimulation. The PSCI features an array of highly sensitive, multi-channel, 2D transistor (on/off ratio up to 1.31×10⁷, SS as low as 0.07 V/dec) that minimizes bioelectric noise and operates at low voltages to ensure precise, safe, and energy-efficient operation directly on the body. By seamlessly integrating with neuronal physiology, the PSCI enables 28-day precise monitoring and modulation of target organ functions by applying the 0–20 Hz regeneration frequency band and regeneration waveform. This substantial advancement in neuromorphic engineering leverages sophisticated circuit architecture and signal processing capabilities, bridging existing technological gaps and significantly enhancing dynamic biomedical applications through the use of 2D electronics.