Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112862

Md. Ayenuddin Haque , Bithy Khatun , Md. Abu Sayed Jewel , Jesmin Ara , Md.Shahidul Islam Kazal , Jakia Hasan

{"title":"Assessment of water quality and heavy metal indices in a tropical freshwater river for aquatic life and public health standard","authors":"Md. Ayenuddin Haque , Bithy Khatun , Md. Abu Sayed Jewel , Jesmin Ara , Md.Shahidul Islam Kazal , Jakia Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112862","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the spatial–temporal variability, contamination sources, and risk of heavy metals (HMs) on environment and public health in water of the Barnoi River, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. Surface waters were sampled from five distinct sampling sites and measured for physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus) and HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn) content. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed following standard procedure, and HMs concentration was analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). We assessed the surface water quality for drinking and aquatic life standard, metal pollution indices (HPI and HEI) and non– cancer and cancer risks. Furthermore, we employed correlation analysis (CoA), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA), to define the inter-metal relationship, distribution and potential origin. Our results indicated that all physico-chemical parameters satisfied drinking and aquatic life standards (WHO, USEPA). However, among the analyzed HMs, Cr, As, Pb and Cd surpassed the maximum recommended value. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed distribution of the studied metals, possibly anthropogenic sources (industrial, agricultural, household, and municipal wastewater). Based on the indices, the Barnoi River water was ‘undrinkable’ (DWQI = 158.66) and the index value was higher at Site-1 and Site-2. However, the CCME-WQI index for aquatic life or fisheries indicated that the surface water was in a ‘fair’ condition (CCME-WQI = 70.65). The mean values of HPI (257.41) and HEI (17.47) indicate ‘unsuitable for drinking’ and ‘medium pollution’ conditions of the surface water, respectively. Health risk evaluation revealed that children are more susceptible to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks by Cr, As and Ni than the adults. Regular monitoring is recommended by the responsible authorities and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112862"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecological Indicators","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24013190","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

We investigated the spatial–temporal variability, contamination sources, and risk of heavy metals (HMs) on environment and public health in water of the Barnoi River, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. Surface waters were sampled from five distinct sampling sites and measured for physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus) and HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn) content. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed following standard procedure, and HMs concentration was analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). We assessed the surface water quality for drinking and aquatic life standard, metal pollution indices (HPI and HEI) and non– cancer and cancer risks. Furthermore, we employed correlation analysis (CoA), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA), to define the inter-metal relationship, distribution and potential origin. Our results indicated that all physico-chemical parameters satisfied drinking and aquatic life standards (WHO, USEPA). However, among the analyzed HMs, Cr, As, Pb and Cd surpassed the maximum recommended value. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed distribution of the studied metals, possibly anthropogenic sources (industrial, agricultural, household, and municipal wastewater). Based on the indices, the Barnoi River water was ‘undrinkable’ (DWQI = 158.66) and the index value was higher at Site-1 and Site-2. However, the CCME-WQI index for aquatic life or fisheries indicated that the surface water was in a ‘fair’ condition (CCME-WQI = 70.65). The mean values of HPI (257.41) and HEI (17.47) indicate ‘unsuitable for drinking’ and ‘medium pollution’ conditions of the surface water, respectively. Health risk evaluation revealed that children are more susceptible to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks by Cr, As and Ni than the adults. Regular monitoring is recommended by the responsible authorities and policymakers.

查看原文本刊更多论文

热带淡水河水质和重金属指数评估，以符合水生生物和公共卫生标准

我们在 2019 年 7 月至 2020 年 6 月期间调查了孟加拉国巴尔诺伊河水的时空变化、污染源以及重金属（HMs）对环境和公众健康的风险。从五个不同的采样点对地表水进行采样，并测量其物理化学参数（温度、pH 值、溶解氧、总碱度、总硬度、总溶解固体、电导率、生物需氧量、硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐磷）和 HMs（砷、镉、铬、铅、镍、铜和锌）含量。物理化学参数按照标准程序进行分析，而 HMs 浓度则通过原子吸收分光光度计（AAS）进行分析。我们评估了地表水的饮用水和水生生物标准、金属污染指数（HPI 和 HEI）以及非癌症和癌症风险。此外，我们还采用了相关分析（CoA）、主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析（CA）来确定金属间的关系、分布和潜在来源。结果表明，所有理化参数均符合饮用水和水生生物标准（世界卫生组织、美国环保局）。然而，在分析的 HMs 中，铬、砷、铅和镉超过了最大推荐值。主成分分析（PCA）显示了所研究金属的分布，可能是人为来源（工业、农业、家庭和城市污水）。根据指数，巴诺依河河水为 "不可饮用"（DWQI = 158.66），且站点-1 和站点-2 的指数值较高。然而，水生生物或渔业的 CCME-WQI 指数表明，地表水的状况 "尚可"（CCME-WQI = 70.65）。HPI (257.41) 和 HEI (17.47) 的平均值分别表明地表水处于 "不适合饮用 "和 "中度污染 "的状况。健康风险评估显示，与成人相比，儿童更容易受到铬、砷和镍的非致癌和致癌风险的影响。建议主管当局和决策者定期进行监测。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Ecological Indicators 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

11.80

自引率

8.70%

发文量

1163

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The ultimate aim of Ecological Indicators is to integrate the monitoring and assessment of ecological and environmental indicators with management practices. The journal provides a forum for the discussion of the applied scientific development and review of traditional indicator approaches as well as for theoretical, modelling and quantitative applications such as index development. Research into the following areas will be published. • All aspects of ecological and environmental indicators and indices. • New indicators, and new approaches and methods for indicator development, testing and use. • Development and modelling of indices, e.g. application of indicator suites across multiple scales and resources. • Analysis and research of resource, system- and scale-specific indicators. • Methods for integration of social and other valuation metrics for the production of scientifically rigorous and politically-relevant assessments using indicator-based monitoring and assessment programs. • How research indicators can be transformed into direct application for management purposes. • Broader assessment objectives and methods, e.g. biodiversity, biological integrity, and sustainability, through the use of indicators. • Resource-specific indicators such as landscape, agroecosystems, forests, wetlands, etc.