Recent advances regarding development of effervescence reaction-assisted microextraction techniques for determination of organic pollutants in complex media

Abstract

The effervescence reaction-assisted microextraction (EAM) technology can enhance the efficiency of dispersion technology. The in-situ generation of CO₂ resulting from the reaction between a CO₂ donor and a proton donor forms the basis for the EAM process, effectively dispersing the extractant phase into the sample through the gas produced. After being developed in 2011, EAM technology quickly gained much popularity. Numerous studies have employed it to improve pretreatment procedures. Due to its practical application, low operational cost, reduced solvent usage, excellent extraction efficiency, and environmental friendliness, the EAM technique has garnered significant attention. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, influencing factors, and methodologies involved in the development of EAM technology in conjunction with large-scale instruments. It specifically focuses on the construction of diverse extractant-based methods for detecting organic pollutants in complex matrices such as environmental samples, food products, and biological specimens. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed in relation to their practical applications. Furthermore, this review elucidates the effective utilization of this approach for enriching and detecting pollutants within intricate matrices. By conducting a systematic analysis of recent advancements and research cases, this review serves as a valuable reference for advancing environmentally friendly, rapid, and convenient sample pretreatment techniques.