Xuan Luo , Ruiyao Wang , Mohammad Nabi , Ling Tan , Zhenyu Wu , Keke Xiao
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Due to the shortage of phosphorus (P) resources, thermal treatment serves as an efficient sludge management method, both enabling sludge reduction and P recovery. Although thermal treatment retains P in chars and ashes, the bioavailability of P decreases due to the presence of heavy metals and minerals in sludge, making P uptake by plants challenging. This review analyzed the bioavailability of P present in chars and ashes, and explored methods for enhancing P bioavailability for plants uptake. Starting with describing test methods to enhance P bioavailability, this study compared the impacts of various thermal treatment methods on P bioavailability and factors affecting P bioavailability. The common extractants of bioavailable P from chars and ashes were water, citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, and formic acid. Several methods to enhance P bioavailability in chars and ashes were summarized, including the addition of low molecular weight organic acids, fulvic and humic acids, lignin, enzymes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and co-treatment with biomass or chemicals. The transformation of P into hydroxyapatite and the extractable P were the critical factors for enhancing P bioavailability in chars and ashes. In future research, focus can be directed towards: 1) the trade-off of using raw sludge or sludge derived chars and ashes as P fertilizer in terms of P bioavailability; 2) the correlation between physicochemical tests and P fertilization performance in the greenhouse pot experiments to evaluate P bioavailability; 3) the concurrent fate of heavy metals and other pollutants in soil when evaluating P bioavailability in chars and ashes.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (JECE) serves as a platform for the dissemination of original and innovative research focusing on the advancement of environmentally-friendly, sustainable technologies. JECE emphasizes the transition towards a carbon-neutral circular economy and a self-sufficient bio-based economy. Topics covered include soil, water, wastewater, and air decontamination; pollution monitoring, prevention, and control; advanced analytics, sensors, impact and risk assessment methodologies in environmental chemical engineering; resource recovery (water, nutrients, materials, energy); industrial ecology; valorization of waste streams; waste management (including e-waste); climate-water-energy-food nexus; novel materials for environmental, chemical, and energy applications; sustainability and environmental safety; water digitalization, water data science, and machine learning; process integration and intensification; recent developments in green chemistry for synthesis, catalysis, and energy; and original research on contaminants of emerging concern, persistent chemicals, and priority substances, including microplastics, nanoplastics, nanomaterials, micropollutants, antimicrobial resistance genes, and emerging pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) of environmental significance.