Multi-energy CT and iodinated contrast

Abstract

Spectral CT acquires images with the emission or detection of two separate energy spectra. This enables material decomposition due to the photoelectric effect (prevalent in low-energy photons) and Compton scattering (prevalent in high-energy photons).

Iodine and other materials with high atomic numbers appear more hyperdense on low-energy monoenergetic images because of the direct relation between the photoelectric effect and the Z value.

Given the way iodine behaves on spectral maps, radiologists can optimise the use of contrast media in these CTs, thus allowing lower doses of radiation and lower volumes of contrast media while achieving the same CT values and even enabling lower contrast flow rates, which is especially helpful in patients with poor vascular access. Moreover, in suboptimal diagnostic cases caused by poor contrast opacification, the resolution can be improved, thus avoiding the need to repeat the study.