One-step eco-friendly synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on bentonite-g-C₃N₄ for the reduction of hazardous organic pollutants in industrial wastewater.

Next Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI:10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100116

Abduraboh Alraae , Ali Moussadik , Abdellah Benzaouak , Mohammed Kacimi , Mohammed Dahhou , Aicha Sifou , Adnane El Hamidi

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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) supported on natural materials have garnered significant attention due to their wide applicability across various research fields. This study presents an eco-friendly, scalable, and one-step approach to synthesizing high-purity Ag NPs supported by bentonite-graphitic carbon nitride (Bt-g-C₃N₄) nanocomposites via thermal reduction. The successful integration of Ag NPs into the Bt-g-C₃N₄ matrix was confirmed through several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). XRF analysis identified the clay as beidellite-rich (Si/Al molar ratio less than 2), while EDX spectra and XRD patterns confirmed the presence of Ag NPs, with characteristic peaks at 38.04^° and 44.24^°. SEM and TEM images showed uniform Ag NP distribution with an average particle size of 4.75 nm and a spherical morphology. Acid-activated bentonite preserved its layered structure and exhibited a significant surface area increase, reaching 113.77 m²/g after hydrochloric acid treatment, thereby enhancing its capacity for supporting nanoparticle-based catalysts. The synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional catalytic performance, achieving reduction efficiencies of approximately 99 % for various organic pollutants, including nitrophenols (within 7 min for 4-nitrophenol), cationic dyes (within 12 min for Rhodamine B), and anionic dyes (within 5 min for methyl orange), using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as the reducing agent. The reduction followed first-order kinetics, with activity factors (k′) calculated as 134 s⁻¹.g⁻¹, 260 s⁻¹.g⁻¹, and 92 s⁻¹.g⁻¹ for 4-NP, MO, and RhB, respectively. Furthermore, the Ag NPs/Bt-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining high catalytic efficiency across multiple cycles.

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在膨润土-g-C₃N₄上一步合成生态友好型银纳米粒子，用于减少工业废水中的有害有机污染物。

以天然材料为支撑的银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）因其在各个研究领域的广泛应用而备受关注。本研究提出了一种环保、可扩展、一步到位的方法，通过热还原法合成由膨润土-石墨化氮化碳（Bt-g-C3N4）纳米复合材料支撑的高纯度银纳米粒子。通过多种表征技术，包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线荧光 (XRF)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和能量色散光谱 (EDX)，证实了 Ag NPs 与 Bt-g-C3N4 基体的成功结合。XRF 分析确定粘土富含比德利石（硅/铝摩尔比小于 2），而 EDX 光谱和 XRD 图样则证实了 Ag NPs 的存在，其特征峰位于 38.04° 和 44.24°。SEM 和 TEM 图像显示，Ag NP 分布均匀，平均粒径为 4.75 nm，呈球形。经盐酸处理后，酸活化膨润土保留了其层状结构，表面积显著增加，达到 113.77 m²/g，从而增强了其对纳米颗粒催化剂的支撑能力。合成的纳米复合材料具有优异的催化性能，以硼氢化钠（NaBH4）为还原剂，对各种有机污染物的还原效率约为 99%，包括硝基苯酚（4-硝基苯酚在 7 分钟内还原）、阳离子染料（罗丹明 B 在 12 分钟内还原）和阴离子染料（甲基橙在 5 分钟内还原）。还原遵循一阶动力学，计算得出 4-NP、MO 和 RhB 的活性因子（k′）分别为 134 s-1.g-1、260 s-1.g-1 和 92 s-1.g-1。此外，Ag NPs/Bt-g-C3N4 纳米复合材料还具有显著的可回收性，可在多次循环中保持较高的催化效率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Next Nanotechnology

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