Financial inclusion and income distribution revisited: New findings

IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Takeshi Inoue
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Most previous studies have quantitatively shown that progress in financial inclusion reduces income inequality. This study uses linear and squared terms of financial inclusion to analyze whether and how its effect on reducing income inequality changes over time. Financial inclusion is measured using a composite indicator that considers factors such as accessibility, availability, and actual use of financial services. The analysis utilizes panel data from 2004 to 2021 and samples comprising all countries or only developing countries. The empirical results for both samples indicate that the linear and squared terms of financial inclusion have negative and statistically significant effects on income inequality. Therefore, financial inclusion can reduce income inequality, and the marginal effect increases as financial inclusion progresses. The empirical results also indicate that such effects vary depending on the dimension of financial inclusion (i.e., access versus use) and type of financial services considered (i.e., bank accounts versus loans). For example, when financial inclusion is measured solely in terms of borrowing from formal financial institutions, the financial inclusion and income inequality relationship may be U-shaped. Therefore, different aspects of financial inclusion may affect income inequality differently over time.
重新审视金融包容性和收入分配:新发现
以往的大多数研究都从数量上表明,普惠金融的进步会减少收入不平等。本研究使用金融包容性的线性和平方项来分析金融包容性对减少收入不平等的影响是否以及如何随着时间的推移而变化。金融包容性采用综合指标来衡量,该指标考虑了金融服务的可获得性、可用性和实际使用情况等因素。分析采用了 2004 年至 2021 年的面板数据,样本包括所有国家或仅包括发展中国家。两个样本的实证结果表明,金融包容性的线性项和平方项对收入不平等具有负向影响,且在统计上具有显著性。因此,普惠金融可以减少收入不平等,而且边际效应会随着普惠金融的发展而增加。实证结果还表明,这种影响因普惠金融的维度(即获取还是使用)和金融服务的类型(即银行账户还是贷款)而异。例如,如果仅从正规金融机构借款的角度来衡量普惠金融,普惠金融与收入不平等之间的关系可能呈 U 型。因此,随着时间的推移,金融包容性的不同方面可能会对收入不平等产生不同的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
2.90%
发文量
118
期刊介绍: The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance (QREF) attracts and publishes high quality manuscripts that cover topics in the areas of economics, financial economics and finance. The subject matter may be theoretical, empirical or policy related. Emphasis is placed on quality, originality, clear arguments, persuasive evidence, intelligent analysis and clear writing. At least one Special Issue is published per year. These issues have guest editors, are devoted to a single theme and the papers have well known authors. In addition we pride ourselves in being able to provide three to four article "Focus" sections in most of our issues.
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