Minimizing the cobalt content in black ceramic pigments by Design of Experiments

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.033

Marzia Guerrini , Lisa Rita Magnaghi , Martina Fracchia , Maria Pia Riccardi , Gabriele Pigoni , Gianfranco Debbi , Maddalena Patrini , Raffaela Biesuz , Serena Chiara Tarantino , Umberto Anselmi Tamburini , Paolo Ghigna

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Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive optimization strategy for the synthesis of new black ceramic pigments with low cobalt content while maintaining a single-phase spinel structure. The aim is to achieve comparable hues to those of an industrial benchmark containing five transition metals while minimizing the environmental impact. Exploring all possible compositions deriving from a five–component system (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni), through traditional methods would be extremely time consuming to guarantee an efficient sampling, requiring high experimental efforts. Hence, to identify the best black compositions, we employed a chemometric approach, the Design of Experiments, aiming to investigate the compositional domain derived by varying the metals stoichiometry within fixed boundaries to identify optimal pigment compositions. The resulting pigments (comprising Cr, Fe and Co), despite the lower cobalt content, exhibited optimal colorimetric properties comparable to the standard benchmark, with experimental ΔE values comparable to the ones predicted by the model. In particular, the pure spinels Cr_1.05Fe_1.05Co_0.9O₄ and Cr_1.2Fe_1.05Co_0.75O₄ displayed low lightness and chroma (L∗ = 2.4; C∗ = 5 and L∗ = 1.12; C∗ = 1.1, respectively), providing deep and dark black tonality. These compositions exhibit promising colorimetric performance and chemical stability, offering potential benefits for industrial applications.

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通过实验设计最大限度降低黑色陶瓷颜料中的钴含量

本文介绍了一种在保持单相尖晶石结构的同时合成低钴含量新型黑色陶瓷颜料的综合优化策略。其目的是在尽量减少对环境影响的同时，获得与含有五种过渡金属的工业基准相当的色调。通过传统方法探索五种成分（铬、锰、铁、钴和镍）可能产生的所有成分将非常耗时，无法保证有效取样，需要大量的实验工作。因此，为了确定最佳黑色成分，我们采用了化学计量学方法--实验设计法，旨在研究在固定范围内通过改变金属化学计量学得出的成分域，从而确定最佳颜料成分。尽管钴含量较低，但所得到的颜料（包括铬、铁和钴）仍表现出与标准基准相当的最佳色度特性，实验ΔE 值与模型预测值相当。特别是，纯尖晶石 Cr1.05Fe1.05Co0.9O4 和 Cr1.2Fe1.05Co0.75O4 显示出较低的亮度和色度（分别为 L∗ = 2.4; C∗ = 5 和 L∗ = 1.12; C∗ = 1.1），提供了深沉的黑色调。这些成分具有良好的比色性能和化学稳定性，可为工业应用带来潜在的益处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.