Effect of Ce-doping on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical features of Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion method for battery-type supercapacitors

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.09.396

Rosaiah Pitcheri , Siva Prasad Mooni , Dhanalakshmi Radhalayam , Maaouni Nora , Soumyendu Roy , Fatimah Ali M. Al-Zahrani , Maduru Suneetha

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Abstract

This study investigates the potential of cerium (Ce) doping to improve the performance of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles as battery-type supercapacitor electrodes. Pure Co₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via a solution combustion method and then doped with 2.5 % (Ce-Co₃O₄) and 5 % Ce (CeO₂-Co₃O₄). Comprehensive characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), was used to analyze the impact of Ce doping on the material properties. XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of Ce into the Co₃O₄ structure, with distinct CeO₂ phases forming at higher doping levels. Ce doping resulted in decreased crystallite size and peak intensity, indicating reduced crystallinity and increased defect concentration. Raman spectroscopy corroborated these findings, showing a redshift that suggests weakened metal-oxygen bonds and smaller grain sizes due to Ce³⁺ incorporation. FESEM images demonstrated that Ce doping effectively reduced nanoparticle agglomeration, with 2.5 % doping leading to smaller particles and 5 % doping promoting a 2D flake-like morphology with increased porosity. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements revealed a significant increase in surface area and pore volume for CeO₂-Co₃O₄, facilitating improved electrolyte diffusion and reduced resistance, thereby enhancing electrochemical performance. Evaluation of the electrochemical properties of undoped and Ce-doped Co₃O₄ materials revealed a battery-like response in a three-electrode configuration. Notably, the CeO₂-Co₃O₄ exhibited a superior specific capacity of 603.3 C g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, significantly exceeding the values of 368.5 C g⁻¹ and 127.1 C g⁻¹ achieved by Ce-Co₃O₄ and undoped Co₃O₄, respectively. Furthermore, the CeO₂-doped Co₃O₄ demonstrated exceptional cyclic stability, retaining 87 % of its initial capacity after undergoing 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g⁻¹. These results suggest that Ce doping is a promising strategy for optimizing Co₃O₄-based battery-type electrode materials, potentially leading to the development of high-performance and cost-effective energy storage systems.

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掺杂Ce对溶液燃烧法合成的用于电池型超级电容器的Co3O4纳米粒子的结构、形态和电化学特征的影响

本研究探讨了掺杂铈（Ce）以提高氧化钴（Co₃O₄）纳米粒子作为电池型超级电容器电极性能的潜力。纯 Co₃O₄ 纳米粒子是通过溶液燃烧法合成的，然后掺杂了 2.5% (Ce-Co3O4) 和 5% Ce (CeO2-Co3O4)。综合表征包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、拉曼光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)，用于分析掺杂 Ce 对材料性能的影响。XRD 分析证实，Ce 成功地掺入了 Co₃O₄ 结构中，掺杂水平越高，形成的 CeO2 相越明显。掺入 Ce 后，晶体尺寸和峰值强度减小，表明结晶度降低，缺陷浓度增加。拉曼光谱证实了这些发现，显示出一种红移现象，表明由于 Ce³⁺ 的掺入，金属氧键减弱，晶粒尺寸变小。FESEM 图像表明，掺入 Ce 能有效减少纳米颗粒的团聚，掺入 2.5% 的 Ce 会导致颗粒变小，掺入 5% 的 Ce 会促进二维片状形态的形成并增加孔隙率。氮吸附-解吸测量显示，CeO2-Co₃O₄ 的表面积和孔隙率显著增加，有利于改善电解质扩散和降低电阻，从而提高电化学性能。对未掺杂和掺杂 Ce 的 Co₃O₄材料的电化学特性进行评估后发现，在三电极配置中，其反应类似于电池。值得注意的是，在电流密度为 1 A g-1 时，CeO2-Co3O4 表现出 603.3 C g-1 的超强比容量，大大超过 Ce-Co3O4 和未掺杂 Co3O4 分别达到的 368.5 C g-1 和 127.1 C g-1 值。此外，掺杂 CeO2 的 Co3O4 还表现出卓越的循环稳定性，在 10 A g-1 的高电流密度下进行 5000 次充放电循环后，其初始容量仍能保持 87%。这些结果表明，掺杂 Ce 是优化基于 Co₃O₄的电池型电极材料的一种有前途的策略，有可能开发出高性能、高成本效益的储能系统。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.