A comparative study of the Anti-Diabetic effects of avocado seed extracts and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in Alloxan-Induced diabetic Albino mice

Abstract

In this research, a comparative study of the anti-diabetic effects of Avocado (Persea americana) seed extracts and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in alloxan-induced diabetic albino mice was conducted. The animals were assigned into twenty-one groups of five animals each; the diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of the prepared alloxan monohydrate. After 15–25 days of using 7.5 mg/ml aqueous extract of P. americana seeds, it was found that blood sugar levels dropped significantly. In addition, over the 20–25 days treatment period, levels of blood sugar were reduced considerably when doses of 5.0 or 10 mg/ml of the aqueous extract were introduced. However, throughout this treatment period, animals injected with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 mg/ml of P. americana seed aqueous extract showed a significant rise in weight. In addition, over 20–25 days of treatment, animals treated with 7.5 and 10.0 mg/ml P. americana seed alcoholic extract showed a substantial decrease in blood sugar levels. Over the 25 days of treatment, animals treated with 7.5 mg/ml P. americana seed in alcoholic extract also showed a noticeable rise in weight. On the other hand, the prepared Ag NPs were synthesized and characterized using color changes, UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM analysis. A substantial reduction in blood sugar levels was noted with 2.5 mg/ml of biosynthesized Ag NPs, while mice weights significantly increased. The highest substantial reduction in glycaemia occurred by combining 7.5 mg/ml aqueous extract and 2.5 mg/ml biosynthesized Ag NPs, resulting in a high increase in animal weight across all combination concentrations. Regarding the interaction between combination concentrations and treatment periods, animals’ weight increased significantly in all combined concentrations during the 20–25 days compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in LDL and VLDL concentrations was observed in the negative control group compared to the positive control and other treated groups.