A comparative study between metformin and insulin on biochemical variables in diabetic patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin production or inefficient use of insulin by the body's cells. It poses significant health risks, including cardiovascular disease and kidney damage, affecting millions worldwide. Management involves careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, lifestyle modifications, and sometimes insulin therapy to maintain optimal health.so Metformin is a widely prescribed oral medication used to manage type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity.

The study was conducted in the period from February to March 2023, where a blood sample was collected from males aged from 30 to 50 years. The samples were divided into 15 healthy people as control, 12 samples with diabetes type 2, 12 samples with diabetes type 2 who are treated with metformin, and 12 samples with diabetes type 2 who are treated with insulin injections. The samples were separated in a centrifuge at 4000 rpm, then divided to 10 fractions and stored in the freezer until biochemical tests were performed for the study.

The results showed A significant increase at Glucose and HbA1C in all groups compared with control. So total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein decrease in diabetic and treatment with insulin injections compared all groups, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein increase in all diabetic groups compared with control. Alanin trans aminase showed decrease value in diabetic group and treatment with insulin injections compared with all groups but aspartate trans aminase showed result opposite.

Aim of study

Since diabetes is a chronic disease, it is necessary to know the effects of the most famous treatments taken by diabetics, which are metformin and insulin, on the lipid profile and liver and kidney functions.