State-level anti-Asian hate crimes and mental health among Asian and other racial groups in the US

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Social Science & Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117494

Kokoro Harii , Kosuke Inoue , Adrian M. Bacong , Naoki Kondo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Although racism and anti-Asian sentiments have been long-standing public health issues in the United States, evidence is lacking regarding anti-Asian hate crimes and their spillover effect on not only Asian populations but also other racial and ethnic populations. We aimed to investigate the association between state-level anti-Asian hate crimes and the individual mental health of Asians and how it varies by other race and ethnicity groups. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 1,921,984 participants from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey and the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports between 2015 and 2021. We performed multivariable logistic regressions to obtain adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depression and poor mental health by state-level anti-Asian hate crimes rate per 10,000 population across different racial groups. Of the 1,921,984 participants (Asian 49,481 [2.6%], Hispanic 167,655 [8.7%], non-Hispanic Black 152,898 [8.0%], non-Hispanic White 1,496,965 [78%], and Others 81,985 [4.3%]), 364,636 (19%) reported a history of depression, and 640,675 (34%) reported at least one day of poor mental health in the past 30 days. State-level anti-Asian hate crime rates were associated with depression among Asian people (aOR [95%CI] = 1.41 [1.17–1.69]). The association was also observed among Hispanic (aOR [95%CI] = 1.73 [1.48–2.04]) and non-Hispanic White people (aOR [95%CI] = 1.12 [1.05–1.19]) but not among non-Hispanic Black people (aOR [95%CI] = 1.10 [0.85–1.43]). We observed the association with poor mental health only among Hispanics (adjusted OR [95%CI] = 1.28 [1.12 to 1.45]) accounting for individual-level and state-level covariates. Using a nationwide cohort of US adults, we found an association between state-level rates of hate crimes targeting Asian people and depression among Asian and non-Asian US adults. These findings suggest that such hate crimes may have an adverse impact on mental health, extending their reach beyond the direct victims.

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美国州一级的反亚裔仇恨犯罪与亚裔和其他种族群体的心理健康

尽管种族主义和反亚裔情绪是美国长期存在的公共健康问题，但反亚裔仇恨犯罪及其对亚裔人群和其他种族和族裔人群的溢出效应却缺乏相关证据。我们旨在调查州一级的反亚裔仇恨犯罪与亚裔个人心理健康之间的关联，以及这种关联在其他种族和族裔群体中的差异。这项横断面研究分析了来自行为风险因素监测系统调查和联邦调查局统一犯罪报告的 1,921,984 名参与者在 2015 年至 2021 年期间的数据。我们进行了多变量逻辑回归，根据不同种族群体每万人中州级反亚裔仇恨犯罪率，得出了抑郁症和心理健康不良的调整赔率（aOR）和95%置信区间（CI）。在 1,921,984 名参与者（亚裔 49,481 人[2.6%]、西班牙裔 167,655 人[8.7%]、非西班牙裔黑人 152,898 人[8.0%]、非西班牙裔白人 1,496,965 人[78%]、其他 81,985 人[4.3%]）中，364,636 人（19%）报告有抑郁症病史，640,675 人（34%）报告在过去 30 天中至少有一天精神健康状况不佳。州一级的反亚裔仇恨犯罪率与亚裔抑郁症相关（aOR [95%CI] = 1.41 [1.17-1.69]）。在西班牙裔（aOR [95%CI] = 1.73 [1.48-2.04]）和非西班牙裔白人（aOR [95%CI] = 1.12 [1.05-1.19]）中也观察到了这种关联，但在非西班牙裔黑人（aOR [95%CI] = 1.10 [0.85-1.43]）中没有观察到。考虑到个人层面和州层面的协变量，我们仅在西班牙裔中观察到与心理健康状况不佳的关联（调整后 OR [95%CI] = 1.28 [1.12 至 1.45]）。通过对全国范围内的美国成年人进行队列研究，我们发现在州一级针对亚裔的仇恨犯罪率与亚裔和非亚裔美国成年人的抑郁症之间存在关联。这些发现表明，此类仇恨犯罪可能会对心理健康产生不利影响，其影响范围超出了直接受害者。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Social Science & Medicine PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

5.60%

发文量

762

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Social Science & Medicine provides an international and interdisciplinary forum for the dissemination of social science research on health. We publish original research articles (both empirical and theoretical), reviews, position papers and commentaries on health issues, to inform current research, policy and practice in all areas of common interest to social scientists, health practitioners, and policy makers. The journal publishes material relevant to any aspect of health from a wide range of social science disciplines (anthropology, economics, epidemiology, geography, policy, psychology, and sociology), and material relevant to the social sciences from any of the professions concerned with physical and mental health, health care, clinical practice, and health policy and organization. We encourage material which is of general interest to an international readership.