Versatility of MXene based materials for the electrochemical detection of phenolic contaminants

Abstract

Phenolic contaminants are among the most concerning environmental pollutants that seriously threaten human health and ecological environment. Effective treatment of hazardous phenolic pollutants is required to prevent harm to aquatic environments and air quality. Hence, there is an urgent need for an effective and easy-to-operate sensing platform for rapid detection of hazardous phenolic contaminants. Electrochemical sensors are considered effective sensing platforms, as evidenced by significant recent advancements. Advanced nanomaterials with exceptional multifunctionalities and structures are ideal electrode materials for enhancing sensitivity, detection, accuracy, and selectivity. MXenes are innovative two-dimensional (2D) layered materials comprising transition metal nitrides, carbides, and carbon–nitrides. MXenes demonstrated highest electrical conductivity among all synthetic 2D materials. Due to their unique properties, they have emerged as versatile and substantial materials for electrochemical (bio)sensing applications. MXene-based composites with good physicochemical and electrochemical properties have demonstrated excellent sensing behavior for the electrochemical detection of various hazardous contaminants. This study systematically and synergistically reviewed the recent progress in MXene-based composites for the electrochemical detection of phenolic contaminants. Focused on toxic effects of phenolic compounds. Comprehensive information was provided on the electrode fabrication, sensing mechanism, electroanalytical performance, and versatility of MXene based composite materials for electrochemical sensing of phenolic contaminants. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future perspectives for the design and development of high-performance electrochemical sensors, which are expected to pave the way for novel pathways in sensing strategies for the detection of phenolic contaminants.