Exploring perfluoroalkyl substances contamination in human breast milk: First ghanaian study

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143769

Justice Wiston Amstrong Jonathan , David K. Essumang , John K. Bentum , Daniel Elorm Kwame Kabotso , Innocentia Ruby Gborgblorvor , Albert Eshun , Norkplim Dei Hlorlewu , Elizabeth Davordzi

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Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a category of synthetic organic chemical contaminants that have garnered increasing attention due to their potential adverse impacts. Existing research underscores the contamination of human breast milk by PFAS, raising concerns regarding potential deleterious health effects in children.

The study aimed to explore the levels of some PFAS in human breast milk in a previously unstudied population to determine the extent of infants’ exposure.

The research was conducted at Ho Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The study protocol was reviewed and approval by University of Health and Allied Sciences Ethics Research Committee (UHAS-REC). Twenty-nine (29) mothers, aged 18–44 years, were enrolled in the research. Sample collection spanned from December 28, 2020 to June 30, 2021. Ten millilitres (10 mL) of breast milk were collected from each participant into cleaned bottles from day of birth to after two weeks postpartum, following a standardized protocol and stored at −20 °C. Sample preparation and analysis employed solid phase extraction methodology. Subsequently, the processed extracts were subjected to analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS). The data obtained were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26, Excel 2016, and Xlstat 2022. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the study variables. The mean/mode input method was used to treat missing data. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of PFAS concentrations in the breast milk were: PFHxA, 6.0 ng/L(IQR, 2.2 ng/L), PFHpA, 5.6 ng/L(IQR, 2.1 ng/L), PFOA, 72.0 ng/L(IQR, 16.0 ng/L), and PFOS, 93.0 ng/L(IQR, 8.0 ng/L) ng/L) respectively. PFOS and PFOA were the most dominant PFAS in the breast milk which is consistent with worldwide reports.

The levels of PFAS, particularly PFOS and PFOA, in breast milk points to seemingly high levels of PFAS exposure and contamination of mothers and neonates in the region.

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探索母乳中的全氟烷基物质污染：加纳的首次研究。

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类合成有机化学污染物，因其潜在的负面影响而日益受到关注。现有研究强调了 PFAS 对母乳的污染，从而引发了对儿童潜在有害健康影响的担忧。这项研究旨在探讨以前未研究过的人群母乳中某些全氟辛烷磺酸的含量，以确定婴儿接触该物质的程度。研究在加纳霍教学医院进行。研究方案经卫生与联合科学大学伦理研究委员会（UHAS-REC）审查和批准。29名年龄在18-44岁之间的母亲参加了研究。样本采集时间为 2020 年 12 月 28 日至 2021 年 6 月 30 日。按照标准化方案，从婴儿出生之日起至产后两周后，在清洁的奶瓶中收集每位参与者十毫升（10 mL）的母乳，并保存在 -20 °C。样品制备和分析采用固相萃取法。随后，使用超高效液相色谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）对处理后的提取物进行分析。获得的数据使用 IBM SPSS 统计 26 版、Excel 2016 和 XLSTAT 2022 进行分析。采用描述性统计来总结研究变量。平均值/模式输入法用于处理缺失数据。母乳中 PFAS 浓度的中位数和四分位数间距 (IQR) 分别为PFHxA为6.0纳克/升（IQR为2.2纳克/升），PFHpA为5.6纳克/升（IQR为2.1纳克/升），PFOA为72.0纳克/升（IQR为16.0纳克/升），PFOS为93.0纳克/升（IQR为8.0纳克/升）。PFOS 和 PFOA 是母乳中最主要的 PFAS，这与全球的报告一致。母乳中的全氟辛烷磺酸，尤其是全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的含量表明，该地区的母亲和新生儿似乎接触和污染了大量的全氟辛烷磺酸。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Chemosphere 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

15.80

自引率

8.00%

发文量

4975

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： Chemosphere, being an international multidisciplinary journal, is dedicated to publishing original communications and review articles on chemicals in the environment. The scope covers a wide range of topics, including the identification, quantification, behavior, fate, toxicology, treatment, and remediation of chemicals in the bio-, hydro-, litho-, and atmosphere, ensuring the broad dissemination of research in this field.