A non-classical view of antibody properties: Allosteric effect between variable and constant regions

IF 12.1 1区工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biotechnology advances Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108482

Xiaoting Yu , Huiling Zhang , Tao Zhou , Kangliang Pan , Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza , Xing Shen , Hongtao Lei

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Abstract

Historically, antibodies have been divided into two functionally independent domains, the variable (V) region for antigen binding and the constant (C) region for mediating effector functions. However, this classical view of antibody function has been severely challenged by a large and growing number of studies, which reveal long-range conformational interactions and allosteric links between the V and C regions. This review comprehensively summarizes the existing studies on antibody allostery, including allosteric conformational changes induced by covalent modifications or noncovalent ligand binding. In addition, we discuss how intramolecular allosteric signals are transmitted from the V to C regions and vice versa. This review argues that there is sufficient evidence to revisit the structure-function relationship of antibodies. These advances in antibody allostery will provide a blueprint for regulating antibody functions in a simple and highly predictable manner. More focus on antibody allostery will definitely benefit antibody engineering and vaccine design in the field of biotechnology.

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抗体特性的非经典观点：可变区和恒定区之间的异化作用

一直以来，抗体被划分为两个功能独立的结构域，可变区（V）用于抗原结合，恒定区（C）用于介导效应功能。然而，大量且日益增多的研究揭示了 V 区和 C 区之间的长程构象相互作用和异构联系，这对抗体功能的经典观点提出了严峻挑战。本综述全面总结了现有的抗体异构研究，包括共价修饰或非共价配体结合诱导的异构构象变化。此外，我们还讨论了分子内异构信号如何从 V 区传递到 C 区，反之亦然。这篇综述认为，有足够的证据可以重新审视抗体的结构-功能关系。抗体异构研究的这些进展将为以简单和高度可预测的方式调节抗体功能提供蓝图。对抗体异构的更多关注必将有利于生物技术领域的抗体工程和疫苗设计。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biotechnology advances 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

25.50

自引率

2.50%

发文量

167

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： Biotechnology Advances is a comprehensive review journal that covers all aspects of the multidisciplinary field of biotechnology. The journal focuses on biotechnology principles and their applications in various industries, agriculture, medicine, environmental concerns, and regulatory issues. It publishes authoritative articles that highlight current developments and future trends in the field of biotechnology. The journal invites submissions of manuscripts that are relevant and appropriate. It targets a wide audience, including scientists, engineers, students, instructors, researchers, practitioners, managers, governments, and other stakeholders in the field. Additionally, special issues are published based on selected presentations from recent relevant conferences in collaboration with the organizations hosting those conferences.