Dementia and the Deaf community: prevalence, assessment and management in people with hearing loss since childhood.

Abstract

Objectives: Deaf people face complex challenges in accessing healthcare, particularly for age-related conditions, yet the Deaf community is largely overlooked in dementia research. This study explores healthcare issues in relation to dementia for older Deaf individuals, and perspectives of stakeholders regarding dementia and the Deaf community.

Method: Combined approach of (1) narrative literature review using five online databases and grey literature and (2) semi-structured interviews with eight participants with lived experience or knowledge of the Deaf community and/or dementia. Interview data were analysed thematically and integrated with literature review findings.

Results: People in the Deaf community exhibit higher rates of dementia risk factors (eg obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and depression). Under-diagnosis and under-treatment are more common, likely attributed to language barriers and insufficient Deaf awareness among healthcare staff. Research on the relationship between profound hearing loss and dementia, and the prevalence of dementia among Deaf people, is scarce. Practical changes are needed to tailor dementia assessments and services for Deaf people.

Conclusion: Deaf awareness training, health-care information in sign language, and accessible dementia services are crucial for improving healthcare access and outcomes for Deaf people. Co-production with the Deaf community is required in future research and healthcare service improvement initiatives.