Intensity features of the general model vortex higher‑order cosh‑Gaussian beam in free space and gradient-index media

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical and Quantum Electronics Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI:10.1007/s11082-024-07818-1

Ahmed Abdulrab Ali Ebrahim, Faroq Saad, Abdelmajid Belafhal

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In the framework of the generalized Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral and paraxial approximation theory, the propagation features of the general model vortex higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam (GMvHchGB) in a free space (FS) and a gradient-index medium (GIM) are studied. The analytical formulas of the GMvHchGB propagating through the considered media are derived. According to the derived formulas, some numerical examples of the normalized intensity distributions and corresponding phase structure of the GMvHchGB in both FS and GIM are performed under different parameter conditions during propagation setups. The obtained results show that the beam with higher decentered parameters, the GMvHchGB propagating in FS case cannot maintain its initial shape during the propagation process, whereas the beam propagation in the GIM case will keep the original shape unchanged with a repeated self-focusing along propagation distances. Finally, the numerical results of both intensity and phase distributions demonstrated that the beam order N significantly influences the vortex property of the beam, which enhances the clear importance of the current work.

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自由空间和梯度指数介质中一般模型涡旋高阶 cosh-Gaussian 光束的强度特征

在广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分和准轴近似理论的框架内，研究了一般模型涡旋高阶余弦高斯光束（GMvHchGB）在自由空间（FS）和梯度指数介质（GIM）中的传播特征。推导了在所考虑介质中传播的 GMvHchGB 的分析公式。根据推导出的公式，在传播设置过程中的不同参数条件下，对自由空间和梯度指数介质中 GMvHchGB 的归一化强度分布和相应的相位结构进行了一些数值示例。结果表明，在 FS 条件下传播的 GMvHchGB 光束具有较高的去中心参数，在传播过程中无法保持其初始形状，而在 GIM 条件下传播的光束在传播距离上反复自聚焦后将保持原有形状不变。最后，强度和相位分布的数值结果表明，光束阶数 N 对光束的涡旋特性有显著影响，这增强了当前工作的明显重要性。

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来源期刊

Optical and Quantum Electronics 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

20.00%

发文量

810

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Optical and Quantum Electronics provides an international forum for the publication of original research papers, tutorial reviews and letters in such fields as optical physics, optical engineering and optoelectronics. Special issues are published on topics of current interest. Optical and Quantum Electronics is published monthly. It is concerned with the technology and physics of optical systems, components and devices, i.e., with topics such as: optical fibres; semiconductor lasers and LEDs; light detection and imaging devices; nanophotonics; photonic integration and optoelectronic integrated circuits; silicon photonics; displays; optical communications from devices to systems; materials for photonics (e.g. semiconductors, glasses, graphene); the physics and simulation of optical devices and systems; nanotechnologies in photonics (including engineered nano-structures such as photonic crystals, sub-wavelength photonic structures, metamaterials, and plasmonics); advanced quantum and optoelectronic applications (e.g. quantum computing, memory and communications, quantum sensing and quantum dots); photonic sensors and bio-sensors; Terahertz phenomena; non-linear optics and ultrafast phenomena; green photonics.