Revealing the nitrogen and phosphorus removal potential: Insights into surface flow and subsurface flow constructed wetlands employing integrated iron and sulfur electron donors

IF 6.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI:10.1016/j.psep.2024.11.052

Azharuddin Chachar , Shanshan Sun , Yuanyuan Peng , Xushun Gu , Yu Zhang , Shengbing He

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Abstract

This study investigated the differences in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal performance, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, and microbial community structure between surface flow (SF) and subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) using iron scraps (ISs) and elemental sulfur (S⁰) as integrated electron donors. Four configurations were examined: control SFCW (SF-C), ISs and S⁰ SFCW (SF-Fe+S), control SSFCW (SSF-C), and ISs and S⁰ SSFCW (SSF-Fe+S). The results indicated that both CW types utilizing combined ISs and S⁰ were effective in removing N, with SF-Fe+S (35.73–72.71 %) exhibiting higher nitrate removal efficiency compared to SSF-Fe+S (10.05–61.27 %). However, SSF-Fe+S (77.88–85.72 %) demonstrated a greater efficiency in removing total phosphorus (TP) than SF-Fe+S (50.78–67.91 %). In addition, both SSFCWs, SSF-C (7.22 mg/m²/d) and SSF-Fe+S (3.39 mg/m²/d) exhibited higher N₂O emissions compared to SFCWs, SF-C (3.05 mg/m²/d) and SF-Fe+S (1.94 mg/m²/d). Microbial community analysis revealed distinct differences between CW types; Dechloromonas (22.45 %) and Ferritrophicum (18.23 %) were the dominant genera in SF-Fe+S, whereas Ferritrophicum (37.13 %) and Acinetobacter (21.80 %) predominated in SSF-Fe+S. In addition, TP removal was potentially enhanced by substrate adsorption and coprecipitation through iron (Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺) ions released from ISs corrosion reacting with phosphate (PO₄³⁻) ions. The study reveals that the type of CW and the combination of electron donors significantly influence their effectiveness in removing N and P, reducing N₂O emissions, and enhancing microbial community composition, thus providing valuable insights.

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揭示脱氮除磷潜力：对采用综合铁和硫电子供体的地表流和亚地表流建造湿地的启示

本研究调查了使用铁屑（ISs）和元素硫（S0）作为综合电子供体的地表流（SF）和次地表流（SSF）构建湿地（CWs）在氮（N）和磷（P）去除性能、一氧化二氮（N2O）排放以及微生物群落结构方面的差异。对四种配置进行了研究：控制 SFCW（SF-C）、ISs 和 S0 SFCW（SF-Fe+S）、控制 SSFCW（SSF-C）以及 ISs 和 S0 SSFCW（SSF-Fe+S）。结果表明，利用 ISs 和 S0 组合的两种化武类型都能有效去除氮，与 SSF-Fe+S（10.05-61.27%）相比，SF-Fe+S（35.73-72.71%）表现出更高的硝酸盐去除效率。然而，SSF-Fe+S（77.88-85.72 %）比 SF-Fe+S（50.78-67.91 %）具有更高的总磷去除效率。此外，SSFCWs、SSF-C（7.22 mg/m2/d）和 SSF-Fe+S（3.39 mg/m2/d）与 SFCWs、SF-C（3.05 mg/m2/d）和 SF-Fe+S（1.94 mg/m2/d）相比，N2O 排放量更高。微生物群落分析表明，不同类型的化武之间存在明显差异；在 SF-Fe+S 中，脱氯单胞菌（22.45%）和铁线虫（18.23%）是优势菌属，而在 SSF-Fe+S 中，铁线虫（37.13%）和醋酸杆菌（21.80%）是优势菌属。此外，通过 ISs 腐蚀释放的铁（Fe2+ 和 Fe3+）离子与磷酸盐（PO43-）离子反应，基质吸附和共沉淀可能会增强对 TP 的去除。该研究揭示了 CW 的类型和电子供体的组合对其去除氮和磷的效果、减少 N2O 排放和提高微生物群落组成的影响，从而提供了有价值的见解。

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来源期刊

Process Safety and Environmental Protection 环境科学-工程：化工

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

929

审稿时长

8.0 months

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