{"title":"Gold nanostars and nanourchins for enhanced photothermal therapy, bioimaging, and theranostics.","authors":"Beverly Jazmine Delgado-Corrales, Vianni Chopra, Gaurav Chauhan","doi":"10.1039/d4tb01420k","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photothermal therapy (PTT), a recently emerging method for eradicating tumors, utilizes hyperthermia induced by photo-absorbing materials to generate heat within cancer cells. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained reliability for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> applications in PTT due to their strong light absorbance, stability, and biocompatibility. Yet, their potential is limited by their spherical shape, impacting their size capabilities, electromagnetic enhancement effects, and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Anisotropic shapes have been tested and implemented in this treatment to overcome the limitations of spherical AuNPs. Nanostars (AuNSs) and nanourchins (AuNUs) offer unique properties, such as increased local electron density, improved catalytic activity, and an enhanced electromagnetic field, which have proven to be effective in PTT. Additionally, these shapes can easily reach the NIR-I and NIR-II window while exhibiting improved biological properties, including low cytotoxicity and high cellular uptake. This work covers the critical characteristics of AuNS and AuNUs, highlighting rough surface photothermal conversion enhancement, significantly impacting recent PTT and its synergy with other treatments. Additionally, the bioimaging and theranostic applications of these nanomaterials are discussed, highlighting their multifaceted utility in advanced cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb01420k","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT), a recently emerging method for eradicating tumors, utilizes hyperthermia induced by photo-absorbing materials to generate heat within cancer cells. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained reliability for in vitro and in vivo applications in PTT due to their strong light absorbance, stability, and biocompatibility. Yet, their potential is limited by their spherical shape, impacting their size capabilities, electromagnetic enhancement effects, and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Anisotropic shapes have been tested and implemented in this treatment to overcome the limitations of spherical AuNPs. Nanostars (AuNSs) and nanourchins (AuNUs) offer unique properties, such as increased local electron density, improved catalytic activity, and an enhanced electromagnetic field, which have proven to be effective in PTT. Additionally, these shapes can easily reach the NIR-I and NIR-II window while exhibiting improved biological properties, including low cytotoxicity and high cellular uptake. This work covers the critical characteristics of AuNS and AuNUs, highlighting rough surface photothermal conversion enhancement, significantly impacting recent PTT and its synergy with other treatments. Additionally, the bioimaging and theranostic applications of these nanomaterials are discussed, highlighting their multifaceted utility in advanced cancer therapies.
光热疗法(PTT)是最近新兴的一种根除肿瘤的方法,它利用光吸收材料诱导的热效应在癌细胞内产生热量。金纳米粒子(AuNPs)具有很强的光吸收性、稳定性和生物相容性,因此在体外和体内应用于 PTT 方面获得了广泛的信赖。然而,由于其球形形状影响了其尺寸能力、电磁增强效应和局部表面等离子体共振(LSPR),其潜力受到了限制。为了克服球形 AuNPs 的局限性,我们对其各向异性的形状进行了测试和处理。纳米星(AuNSs)和纳米钌(AuNUs)具有独特的特性,如增加局部电子密度、提高催化活性和增强电磁场,这些特性已被证明在 PTT 中有效。此外,这些形状很容易达到近红外-I 和近红外-II 窗口,同时表现出更好的生物特性,包括低细胞毒性和高细胞吸收率。这项工作涵盖了 AuNS 和 AuNUs 的关键特性,突出强调了粗糙表面光热转换增强作用,对近期的 PTT 及其与其他治疗方法的协同作用产生了重大影响。此外,还讨论了这些纳米材料的生物成像和治疗学应用,强调了它们在先进癌症疗法中的多方面用途。