A multimodal in vitro approach to assess the safety of oral care products using 2D and 3D cellular models.

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY
Frontiers in toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/ftox.2024.1474583
S Marceli Leano, Wanderson De Souza, Rodrigo De Vecchi, Amanda Lopes, Tatiana Deliberador, Jose M Granjeiro
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Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis, affecting approximately 3.9 billion individuals globally, significantly impacts quality of life and has raised interest in its potential systemic effects. Sodium perborate, a common component in oral care products for biofilm control, is widely used, though concerns about its safety persist. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of six commercial oral care products and varying concentrations of sodium perborate, utilizing human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and keratinocytes (HaCat) as cell models.

Methods: Experiments were performed in both 2D monolayer and 3D cultures using MTT and electrical impedance assays, adhering to the manufacturer's recommended exposure time of 30-60 s for product testing. For the reconstructed epidermis model, a prolonged exposure time of 42 min was applied, following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 439.

Results: Results indicated that all products and sodium perborate at 1 mg/mL were cytotoxic in monolayer cultures. However, at concentrations relevant to commercial formulations (0.06 mg/mL sodium perborate), no significant toxicity was observed. In contrast, the 3D culture models, including spheroids and reconstructed epidermis, exhibited minimal to no cytotoxic effects for the commercial products, with sodium perborate showing no significant toxicity below 0.1 mg/mL. The reconstructed epidermis model, used as surrogate for oral mucosa, further confirmed that the products were non-irritating, in compliance with OECD TG 439 standards.

Discussion: This study highlights the importance of considering exposure time, dosage, and cellular model when assessing the safety of oral care products. While 2D models are useful for preliminary screenings, 3D models provide a more physiologically relevant assessment, emphasizing the need for robust testing protocols to ensure product safety.

使用二维和三维细胞模型评估口腔护理产品安全性的多模式体外方法。
导言:牙周炎影响着全球约 39 亿人的生活质量,并引起了人们对其潜在全身影响的关注。过硼酸钠是口腔护理产品中用于控制生物膜的常见成分,被广泛使用,但人们对其安全性的担忧依然存在。本研究旨在利用人体牙龈成纤维细胞(HGF)和角质形成细胞(HaCat)作为细胞模型,评估六种商用口腔护理产品和不同浓度过硼酸钠的体外毒性:实验在二维单层和三维培养物中进行,采用 MTT 和电阻抗检测法,并按照制造商建议的 30-60 秒暴露时间进行产品测试。对于重建表皮模型,按照经济合作与发展组织(OECD)测试指南 439,采用了 42 分钟的延长暴露时间:结果表明,所有产品和浓度为 1 毫克/毫升的过硼酸钠在单层培养物中都具有细胞毒性。不过,在与商业制剂相关的浓度(0.06 毫克/毫升过硼酸钠)下,未观察到明显的毒性。相比之下,三维培养模型(包括球体和重建表皮)对商用产品的细胞毒性影响很小甚至没有,过硼酸钠在 0.1 毫克/毫升以下没有明显毒性。作为口腔粘膜替代物的重建表皮模型进一步证实,这些产品无刺激性,符合 OECD TG 439 标准:本研究强调了在评估口腔护理产品安全性时考虑暴露时间、剂量和细胞模型的重要性。虽然二维模型对初步筛选很有用,但三维模型能提供更贴近生理的评估,这强调了为确保产品安全而制定严格测试协议的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
0.00%
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审稿时长
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