How text message reminders increase COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake: Two randomized controlled trials

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126533

Arne Meeldijk , Lisa Vandeberg , Reinier Akkermans , Jeannine Hautvast

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Vaccines are effective and affordable health prevention measures to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases, but achieving sufficient vaccine uptake population-wide is challenging. In this work, we assess the impact of various text messages reminders on COVID-19 booster uptake and the extent to which the effect of messages holds over time. Additionally, we analyse whether people's self-reported vaccination intentions (measured in response to message prompts) corresponds to actual vaccine uptake and whether this relationship differs between message variants.

Methods

We performed two large sequential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Netherlands (N = 140.973), with the design of RCT2 building on the findings of RCT1. We 1) analyzed the effect of various text messages on COVID-19 booster uptake; 2) assessed the extent to which these effects hold over time; and 3) tested whether a positive response to message prompts moderates the effect of message variant on vaccine uptake.

Results

First, the results of RCT1 demonstrate that text messages with an ownership frame (“your [vaccine] is ready for you”) result in highest vaccine uptake (e.g., compared to no text message: OR = 1.28 [99 % CI 1.03–1.59]). RCT2 showed that text messages with an ownership frame and a specific date, time and location result in highest vaccine uptake (e.g., compared to no text message: OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85–2.38]). Second, most message effects hold over a longer period of time (e.g., ‘date, time, location’ message versus no message: OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85–2.38] on day 6 and OR = 1.36 [99 % CI 1.25–1.48] on day 50). Third, we find that participants who received our most effective text and replied that they will take the vaccine, are more inclined to actually take the vaccine compared to the message with broad opening hours OR = 2.86 [99 % CI 2.14–3.82].

Conclusion

Text message reminders are able to increase vaccine uptake. From the tested variations, messages with an ownership frame providing a specific date, time and location are most effective. Because text messages demonstrate no notable disadvantages, we advise Public Health authorities to include this effective intervention in their vaccination campaign strategies.

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短信提醒如何提高 COVID-19 加强免疫接种率：两项随机对照试验

背景：疫苗是预防可通过接种疫苗预防的疾病的有效且经济实惠的健康预防措施，但要在整个人群中实现足够的疫苗接种率却极具挑战性。在这项工作中，我们评估了各种短信提醒对 COVID-19 强化接种率的影响，以及短信效果随时间推移的保持程度。此外，我们还分析了人们自我报告的疫苗接种意向（根据短信提示测量）是否与实际疫苗接种率相符，以及这种关系在不同的短信变体之间是否存在差异：我们在荷兰进行了两项大型连续随机对照试验（RCTs）（N = 140.973），其中 RCT2 的设计以 RCT1 的结果为基础。我们1）分析了各种短信对COVID-19加强剂接种率的影响；2）评估了这些影响随时间推移的保持程度；3）测试了对短信提示的积极回应是否会调节短信变体对疫苗接种率的影响：首先，RCT1 的结果表明，带有所有权框架（"您的[疫苗]已为您准备好"）的短信导致疫苗接种率最高（例如，与无短信相比：OR = 1.28 [99 % CI 1.03-1.59]）。RCT2 显示，带有所有权框架和具体日期、时间和地点的短信会导致最高的疫苗接种率（例如，与无短信相比：OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85-2.38]）。其次，大多数信息的效果在较长时间内保持不变（例如，"日期、时间、地点 "信息与无信息相比，OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85-2.38]）：第 6 天的 OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85-2.38]，第 50 天的 OR = 1.36 [99 % CI 1.25-1.48]）。第三，我们发现，收到我们最有效的短信并回复将接种疫苗的参与者比收到开放时间宽泛的短信的参与者更倾向于实际接种疫苗，OR = 2.86 [99 % CI 2.14-3.82]：结论：短信提醒能够提高疫苗接种率。结论：短信提醒能够提高疫苗接种率。从测试的各种变体来看，带有所有权框架、提供具体日期、时间和地点的短信最为有效。由于短信没有明显的缺点，我们建议公共卫生部门将这一有效的干预措施纳入其疫苗接种活动策略中。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vaccine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

5.50%

发文量

992

审稿时长

131 days

期刊介绍： Vaccine is unique in publishing the highest quality science across all disciplines relevant to the field of vaccinology - all original article submissions across basic and clinical research, vaccine manufacturing, history, public policy, behavioral science and ethics, social sciences, safety, and many other related areas are welcomed. The submission categories as given in the Guide for Authors indicate where we receive the most papers. Papers outside these major areas are also welcome and authors are encouraged to contact us with specific questions.