The atypical faces of optic neuritis: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Current Opinion in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI:10.1097/WCO.0000000000001335

Sabrina Poonja, Natthapon Rattanathamsakul, John J Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: The purpose of this article is to provide a review of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), with a focus on what renders optic neuritis "atypical" in these two conditions. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology are outlined. Acute treatments for optic neuritis, as well as immunotherapy for NMOSD and MOGAD are discussed.

Recent findings: Updates in NMOSD and MOGAD are highlighted, with an emphasis on novel work including the new 2023 MOGAD diagnostic criteria, our evolving understanding on the epidemiology of these conditions, and recently FDA-approved NMOSD treatments. Pipeline therapies are also discussed.

Summary: A thorough history and examination, supported by ancillary testing, continues to be the mainstay of optic neuritis diagnosis. Stratifying typical versus atypical optic neuritis is paramount. Within the atypical category, NMOSD and MOGAD are important considerations. Clues can point towards these diagnoses and guide steps for treatment, which is increasingly becoming targeted to individual diseases, as the pathophysiology is different for these disorders.

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视神经炎的非典型表现：视神经炎谱系障碍和髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病。

综述目的：本文旨在综述神经脊髓炎视网膜频谱紊乱症（NMOSD）和髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病（MOGAD），重点探讨这两种疾病中视神经炎的 "非典型 "之处。概述了临床特征、诊断标准和流行病学。讨论了视神经炎的急性治疗方法以及 NMOSD 和 MOGAD 的免疫疗法：重点介绍了 NMOSD 和 MOGAD 的最新进展，包括新的 2023 年 MOGAD 诊断标准、我们对这些疾病流行病学不断发展的认识以及最近获得 FDA 批准的 NMOSD 治疗方法。摘要：详尽的病史和检查以及辅助检查仍是视神经炎诊断的主要依据。将典型视神经炎与非典型视神经炎进行分层至关重要。在非典型类别中，NMOSD 和 MOGAD 是重要的考虑因素。由于这些疾病的病理生理学不同，因此越来越多的治疗方法都针对不同的疾病。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Neurology 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

174

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Neurology is a highly regarded journal offering insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews; covering key subjects such as cerebrovascular disease, developmental disorders, neuroimaging and demyelinating diseases. Published bimonthly, each issue of Current Opinion in Neurology introduces world renowned guest editors and internationally recognized academics within the neurology field, delivering a widespread selection of expert assessments on the latest developments from the most recent literature.