Nano spray-dried particles of in-situ crosslinked alginate and their toxicological characterisation.

IF 7.7 1区 化学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Jaka Levanič, Ilja Gasan Osojnik Črnivec, Iza Rozman, Mihaela Skrt, Alja Štern, Bojana Žegura, Nataša Poklar Ulrih
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Abstract

The feasibility and technical capacity for producing crosslinked sub-micron gels with a nano spray-dryer were studied with variable pH systems incorporating alginate, pectin, and pullulan. The obtained powders were characterized for their morphology, particle size distribution, and their toxicological safety profile using genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays. Additionally, quercetin was added to the encapsulation system to study the potential of the system to encapsulate this material. The produced powders exhibited morphologies and particle size distributions characteristic for nano spray-drying. The addition of pullulan and pectin to the feed solutions resulted in a particle size increase, with crosslinked alginate particles having a mean value of 1.43 μm, while particles with added pectin and pullulan had a mean particle size of 1.70 and 1.75 μm, respectively. The inclusion of quercetin proved to be problematic with this encapsulation system. Extremely high degradation rates and extremely low encapsulation efficiencies were observed due to the alkaline pH (~10) of the system that is needed to keep the feed dispersion in a liquid state and prevent premature crosslinking of the alginate. Although pectin and pullulan provided some protection for quercetin in the alkaline dispersion, the absolute quercetin content in the final product remained very low, with a maximum achieved encapsulation efficiency of 2.06 %. The safety profile of most produced powders was favourable, as they did not exhibit any significant cytotoxic and genotoxic activity in the HepG2 cell line, except in the case of Alginate/Pullulan which showed a 43 % decrease in cell viability at 500 μg/ml. Samples where quercetin was added did not show any increased toxicological effect.

原位交联海藻酸盐纳米喷雾干燥颗粒及其毒理学特征。
研究了用纳米喷雾干燥机生产交联亚微米凝胶的可行性和技术能力,并采用了海藻酸盐、果胶和普鲁兰的可变 pH 值体系。对所获得的粉末进行了形态、粒度分布以及遗传毒性和细胞毒性检测,以确定其毒理学安全性。此外,还在封装系统中添加了槲皮素,以研究该系统封装这种材料的潜力。制得的粉末呈现出纳米喷雾干燥所特有的形态和粒度分布。在进料溶液中添加果胶和果胶会导致粒径增大,交联海藻酸盐颗粒的平均值为 1.43 μm,而添加果胶和果胶的颗粒的平均粒径分别为 1.70 μm 和 1.75 μm。事实证明,在这种封装系统中加入槲皮素会产生问题。由于该系统的 pH 值为碱性(约 10),因此降解率极高,封装效率极低,而这是保持进料分散液态和防止海藻酸过早交联所必需的。虽然果胶和拉鲁糖在一定程度上保护了碱性分散体中的槲皮素,但最终产品中槲皮素的绝对含量仍然很低,最大封装效率仅为 2.06%。所生产的大多数粉末的安全性都很好,因为它们在 HepG2 细胞系中没有表现出任何明显的细胞毒性和遗传毒性活性,但藻酸盐/普鲁兰除外,在 500 μg/ml 的浓度下,细胞存活率下降了 43%。添加了槲皮素的样品未显示出任何毒性增强效应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
13.70
自引率
9.80%
发文量
2728
审稿时长
64 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Biological Macromolecules is a well-established international journal dedicated to research on the chemical and biological aspects of natural macromolecules. Focusing on proteins, macromolecular carbohydrates, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, lignins, biological poly-acids, and nucleic acids, the journal presents the latest findings in molecular structure, properties, biological activities, interactions, modifications, and functional properties. Papers must offer new and novel insights, encompassing related model systems, structural conformational studies, theoretical developments, and analytical techniques. Each paper is required to primarily focus on at least one named biological macromolecule, reflected in the title, abstract, and text.
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