Reactive extrusion of cellulose esters in ionic liquid: exploring properties and performance across different cellulose types and degrees of polymerization

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD

Cellulose Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI:10.1007/s10570-024-06203-1

Elvira Tarasova, Illia Krasnou, Giiguulen Enkhsaikhan, Ibrahim Abousharabia, Caio César Zandonadi Nunes, Darshni Karthegesu, Nutan Savale, Eero Kontturi, Andres Krumme

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study compares the efficacy of reactive extrusion and traditional reactor methods in altering cellulose structure to produce cellulose esters (CEs) with targeted properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) afford high cellulose solubility and recyclability, while chemical reactors enable complete cellulose dissolution and homogeneous transesterification. However, prolonged reaction times and potential oxidation issues necessitate further optimization. Conversely, reactive extrusion allows shorter reaction times, reduced solvent usage, and scalability. The current study aims to investigate how the type of cellulose (microcrystalline and fibrous) and its degree of polymerization (DP) affect the transesterification process and properties of CEs produced by reactive extrusion, as opposed to traditional methods. It was obtained that it is possible to produce cellulose laurates (CLs) with a degree of substitution (DS) of up to 2.5 via reactive extrusion. Examination of CLs obtained from the reactor (R-CLs) and reactive extrusion (REX-CLs) reveals structural properties diverging, with REX-CLs maintaining residual crystallinity despite esterification. Additionally, reactive extrusion produces CLs with lower molar mass due to a reduced DS, and in the case of fibrous celluloses, shear-induced degradation may occur. Cellulose DP emerges as pivotal for attaining desired thermal stability, with higher DP compounds displaying enhanced resistance to thermal degradation. Furthermore, reactive extrusion enhances the thermal stability of CLs more than traditional methods. However, comparative rheological analysis reveals that REX-CLs exhibit higher complex viscosity and G-moduli values than R-CLs. This phenomenon suggests that the structural arrangement of REX-CLs promotes intermolecular interactions, contributing to increased viscosity and stiffness. Reactive extrusion in an IL environment shows promise for scaled-up production of CEs with tailored properties. This indicates its potential as a sustainable and efficient manufacturing method for cellulose-based materials.

Graphical abstract

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离子液体中纤维素酯的反应挤压：探索不同纤维素类型和聚合度的特性和性能

本研究比较了反应挤压法和传统反应器法在改变纤维素结构以生产具有目标特性的纤维素酯 (CE) 方面的功效。离子液体（IL）具有较高的纤维素溶解度和可回收性，而化学反应器则能使纤维素完全溶解并实现均匀的酯交换反应。然而，反应时间过长和潜在的氧化问题需要进一步优化。相反，反应挤压法可以缩短反应时间，减少溶剂用量，并具有可扩展性。与传统方法相比，本研究旨在探讨纤维素的类型（微晶和纤维状）及其聚合度（DP）如何影响反应挤压法生产的 CE 的酯交换过程和特性。研究发现，通过反应挤压法可以生产出取代度（DS）高达 2.5 的纤维素月桂酸酯（CLs）。对从反应器（R-CLs）和反应挤压（REX-CLs）中获得的纤维素月桂酸盐（CLs）进行检查，发现其结构特性有所不同，REX-CLs 在酯化后仍能保持残余结晶度。此外，反应挤压产生的纤维素摩尔质量较低，这是因为DS降低了，而且在纤维状纤维素的情况下，可能会发生剪切诱导降解。纤维素的 DP 值是获得理想热稳定性的关键，DP 值越高的化合物抗热降解能力越强。此外，与传统方法相比，反应挤压更能提高纤维素的热稳定性。然而，流变学比较分析表明，REX-CL 比 R-CL 具有更高的复合粘度和 G-模量值。这一现象表明，REX-CL 的结构排列促进了分子间的相互作用，从而提高了粘度和硬度。在 IL 环境中进行反应挤压有望扩大具有定制特性的 CE 的生产规模。这表明它有潜力成为纤维素基材料的一种可持续的高效生产方法。

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来源期刊

Cellulose 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.50%

发文量

580

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Cellulose is an international journal devoted to the dissemination of research and scientific and technological progress in the field of cellulose and related naturally occurring polymers. The journal is concerned with the pure and applied science of cellulose and related materials, and also with the development of relevant new technologies. This includes the chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials science of cellulose and its sources, including wood and other biomass resources, and their derivatives. Coverage extends to the conversion of these polymers and resources into manufactured goods, such as pulp, paper, textiles, and manufactured as well natural fibers, and to the chemistry of materials used in their processing. Cellulose publishes review articles, research papers, and technical notes.