Tear fluid reflects the altered protein expressions of Alzheimer's disease patients in proteins involved in protein repair and clearance system or the regulation of cytoskeleton.

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI:10.1177/13872877241295315

Virve Kärkkäinen, Sanna Hannonen, Minna Rusanen, Juha-Matti Lehtola, Toni Saari, Hannu Uusitalo, Ville Leinonen, Bernd Thiede, Kai Kaarniranta, Anne M Koivisto, Tor Utheim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: New biomarkers that improve diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are warranted. Tear fluid (TF) containing variety of proteins that reflect pathophysiological changes of systemic diseases makes TF proteins potential biomarker candidates for AD.

Objective: We investigated the expression levels of TF proteins in persons with mild AD and cognitively healthy controls (CO) to find out if altered proteins may link to the AD pathophysiology.

Methods: We analyzed the data of the 53 study participants (34 COs, mean age 71 and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 28.9 ± 1.4 and 19 persons with AD, CDR 0.5-1, mean age 71 and MMSE 23.8 ± 2.8). All went through neurological status examination, cognitive tests, and ophthalmological examination. TF was collected using Schirmer strips. The TF protein content was evaluated via mass spectrometry-based proteomics and label-free quantification.

Results: Eleven proteins having a role either in protein repair and clearance system, or regulation of cytoskeleton, showed altered expression in AD group compared to CO group. Seven of them were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) upregulated (Sti1, Twf1, Myl6, Otub1, Pls1 and Caza1) or, downregulated (HSP90) in AD group.

Conclusions: Altered expression of all these up- or downregulated proteins may be linked to AD pathophysiology. Thus, our results are encouraging for searching new biomarker candidates for AD. TF is potential biomarker candidate, because TF seems to reflect altered protein levels already in mild AD dementia.

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泪液反映出阿尔茨海默病患者参与蛋白质修复和清除系统或细胞骨架调节的蛋白质表达发生了改变。

背景：需要新的生物标志物来改善阿尔茨海默病（AD）的诊断。泪液（TF）中含有多种能反映全身性疾病病理生理变化的蛋白质，这使得TF蛋白质成为AD的潜在候选生物标志物：我们调查了轻度AD患者和认知健康对照组（CO）中TF蛋白的表达水平，以了解蛋白的改变是否可能与AD的病理生理学有关：我们分析了53名研究参与者（34名CO，平均年龄71岁，迷你精神状态检查（MMSE）28.9 ± 1.4；19名AD患者，CDR 0.5-1，平均年龄71岁，迷你精神状态检查（MMSE）23.8 ± 2.8）的数据。所有患者均接受了神经系统状态检查、认知测试和眼科检查。使用施尔默试纸收集 TF。通过基于质谱的蛋白质组学和无标记定量法对 TF 蛋白质含量进行了评估：结果：与 CO 组相比，AD 组有 11 种在蛋白质修复和清除系统或细胞骨架调控中发挥作用的蛋白质的表达发生了改变。结果发现：与 CO 组相比，AD 组中有 11 种在蛋白质修复和清除系统或细胞骨架调控中发挥作用的蛋白质的表达发生了改变，其中 7 种蛋白质在 AD 组中的表达明显上调（p ≤ 0.05）（Sti1、Twf1、Myl6、Otub1、Pls1 和 Caza1）或下调（HSP90）：结论：所有这些上调或下调蛋白的表达变化都可能与AD的病理生理学有关。因此，我们的研究结果对于寻找新的 AD 候选生物标记物是令人鼓舞的。TF是潜在的候选生物标志物，因为TF似乎已经反映了轻度AD痴呆症中蛋白质水平的改变。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

7.50%

发文量

1327

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Alzheimer''s Disease (JAD) is an international multidisciplinary journal to facilitate progress in understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, genetics, behavior, treatment and psychology of Alzheimer''s disease. The journal publishes research reports, reviews, short communications, hypotheses, ethics reviews, book reviews, and letters-to-the-editor. The journal is dedicated to providing an open forum for original research that will expedite our fundamental understanding of Alzheimer''s disease.