Determination of Minor and Trace Elements in Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers in Early Lactation from Tehran, Iran Using Neutron Activation Analysis Method.

IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Banin Shakeri Jooybari, Fatemeh Nasri Nasrabadi, Abdoulreza Esteghamati
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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of both essential and non-essential elements in the breast milk of lactating mothers from Tehran, Iran, during the colostrum period. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to measure the element concentrations. Additionally, the study assessed how these element concentrations were influenced by maternal factors such as age and economic status. Breast milk samples were collected from 95 lactating mothers, aged 18 to 41, during the early lactation phase, specifically within the colostrum period (2-7 days postpartum). The colostrum milk samples were freeze-dried, powdered, and irradiated at the Tehran Research Reactor for neutron activation analysis (NAA). This method was used to measure the concentrations of essential elements-calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and iodine (I)-as well as non-essential elements-aluminum (Al), bromine (Br), and rubidium (Rb). Descriptive statistics, including mean, median, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation, were calculated for each element. Statistical analyses, such as Pearson's correlation, were performed to assess relationships between the concentrations of various elements. Additionally, t-tests and p-values were employed to evaluate differences in element levels across maternal age groups (17-34 years vs. 35-45 years) and economic status (high/middle vs. low). The mean concentrations of the elements in dry breast milk powder samples were: Al = 6.9 mg/kg, Br = 11.9 mg/kg, Ca = 2.757 mg/g, Cl = 7.836 mg/g, I = 1.22 mg/kg, K = 5.853 mg/g, Na = 4.932 mg/g, and Rb = 3.69 mg/kg. Significant correlations were found between element pairs, such as Na-Cl, Br-Cl, Na-Br, Rb-K, and I-Cl. Maternal age significantly influenced bromine concentrations, with older mothers showing 22% higher Br levels (p = 0.038), while calcium levels were 15% lower but not statistically significant (p = 0.20). Maternal economic status significantly impacted calcium and potassium concentrations, with higher levels observed in mothers from better economic conditions (p = 0.02 and p = 0.025, respectively). This study highlights the elemental composition of breast milk samples of lactating mothers in Tehran and shows that maternal factors, such as age and economic status, can significantly influence the concentrations of specific elements in breast milk.

利用中子活化分析法测定伊朗德黑兰早期哺乳期母亲母乳中的微量和痕量元素
本研究旨在评估伊朗德黑兰的哺乳母亲在初乳期母乳中必需和非必需元素的浓度。中子活化分析(NAA)被用来测量元素浓度。此外,该研究还评估了这些元素浓度如何受到年龄和经济状况等母亲因素的影响。研究收集了 95 位哺乳期母亲的母乳样本,她们的年龄在 18 至 41 岁之间,处于哺乳初期,特别是初乳期(产后 2-7 天)。初乳样本经冷冻干燥后制成粉末,并在德黑兰研究反应堆进行辐照,以进行中子活化分析(NAA)。该方法用于测量必需元素--钙(Ca)、钾(K)、钠(Na)、氯(Cl)和碘(I)--以及非必需元素--铝(Al)、溴(Br)和铷(Rb)的浓度。对每种元素都进行了描述性统计,包括平均值、中位数、最大值、最小值和标准偏差。通过皮尔逊相关性等统计分析来评估各种元素浓度之间的关系。此外,还采用 t 检验和 p 值来评估不同年龄组(17-34 岁与 35-45 岁)和不同经济地位(高/中/低)的孕产妇体内元素含量的差异。干母乳粉样本中元素的平均浓度为Al = 6.9 mg/kg、Br = 11.9 mg/kg、Ca = 2.757 mg/g、Cl = 7.836 mg/g、I = 1.22 mg/kg、K = 5.853 mg/g、Na = 4.932 mg/g、Rb = 3.69 mg/kg。Na-Cl、Br-Cl、Na-Br、Rb-K 和 I-Cl 等元素对之间存在显著的相关性。母亲年龄对溴浓度有明显影响,年龄较大的母亲溴含量高出 22%(p = 0.038),而钙含量低 15%,但无统计学意义(p = 0.20)。母亲的经济状况对钙和钾的浓度有很大影响,经济条件较好的母亲体内的钙和钾含量较高(p = 0.02 和 p = 0.025)。本研究重点分析了德黑兰哺乳期母亲母乳样本的元素组成,结果表明,年龄和经济状况等母亲因素会对母乳中特定元素的浓度产生重大影响。
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来源期刊
Biological Trace Element Research
Biological Trace Element Research 生物-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
10.30%
发文量
459
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Biological Trace Element Research provides a much-needed central forum for the emergent, interdisciplinary field of research on the biological, environmental, and biomedical roles of trace elements. Rather than confine itself to biochemistry, the journal emphasizes the integrative aspects of trace metal research in all appropriate fields, publishing human and animal nutritional studies devoted to the fundamental chemistry and biochemistry at issue as well as to the elucidation of the relevant aspects of preventive medicine, epidemiology, clinical chemistry, agriculture, endocrinology, animal science, pharmacology, microbiology, toxicology, virology, marine biology, sensory physiology, developmental biology, and related fields.
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