Machine Learning Enabled Compact Frequency‐Tunable Triple‐Band Hexagonal‐Shaped Graphene Antenna for THz Communication

IF 1.7 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

International Journal of Communication Systems Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI:10.1002/dac.6044

Jayant Kumar Rai, Uditansh Patel, Poonam Tiwari, Pinku Ranjan, Rakesh Chowdhury

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this article, a compact triple‐band frequency‐tunable (FT) hexagonal‐shaped graphene antenna through a machine learning (ML) approach for terahertz (THz) application is presented. The proposed THz antenna is designed on a polyamide () substrate with a thickness of 10 μm, and graphene is used as an antenna radiator. The size of the substrate is 38 × 46 μm2. The FT is achieved by changing the chemical potential of graphene material. The performance of the proposed THz antenna has been investigated, and the impacts of several conducting materials like gold, aluminum, copper, and graphene and dielectric materials like Rogers RT/duroid 5880, polyamide, quartz, and SiO2 are explored. The proposed THz antenna provides three operating bands. The frequency of operation in Band‐1 is 2.51–5.05 THz, Band‐2 is 5.99–7.43 THz, and Band‐3 is 7.94–9.63 THz. The bandwidth in Band‐1, Band‐2, and Band‐3 are 2.54, 1.44, and 1.69 THz, respectively. The % of impedance bandwidth in Band‐1, Band‐2, and Band‐3 are 67.19%, 24.02%, and 21.28% respectively. The proposed antenna has a maximum peak gain of 5 dBi. The proposed antenna is optimized through various ML algorithms like random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and artificial neural network (ANN). The RF algorithm gives more than 99% accuracy compared to other ML algorithms and accurately predicts the S11 of the proposed antenna. The proposed THz antenna would be suitable for applications related to imaging, medical, sensing, and ultra‐speed short‐distance communication applications in the THz region.

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用于太赫兹通信的机器学习式紧凑型频率可调三波段六角形石墨烯天线

本文介绍了一种通过机器学习（ML）方法实现太赫兹（THz）应用的紧凑型三波段频率可调（FT）六边形石墨烯天线。所提出的太赫兹天线是在厚度为 10 μm 的聚酰胺（）衬底上设计的，石墨烯被用作天线辐射器。衬底的尺寸为 38 × 46 μm2。FT 是通过改变石墨烯材料的化学势来实现的。对所提出的太赫兹天线的性能进行了研究，并探讨了几种导电材料（如金、铝、铜和石墨烯）和介电材料（如罗杰斯 RT/duroid 5880、聚酰胺、石英和二氧化硅）的影响。拟议的太赫兹天线提供三个工作频段。频段-1 的工作频率为 2.51-5.05 太赫兹，频段-2 为 5.99-7.43 太赫兹，频段-3 为 7.94-9.63 太赫兹。频带-1、频带-2 和频带-3 的带宽分别为 2.54、1.44 和 1.69 太赫兹。频带-1、频带-2 和频带-3 的阻抗带宽百分比分别为 67.19%、24.02% 和 21.28%。该天线的最大峰值增益为 5 dBi。通过随机森林（RF）、极梯度提升（XGB）、K-近邻（KNN）、决策树（DT）和人工神经网络（ANN）等多种 ML 算法对拟议的天线进行了优化。与其他 ML 算法相比，RF 算法的准确率超过 99%，并能准确预测拟议天线的 S11。所提出的太赫兹天线适用于太赫兹区域的成像、医疗、传感和超高速短距离通信应用。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Communication Systems 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

9.50%

发文量

323

审稿时长

7.9 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Communication Systems provides a forum for R&D, open to researchers from all types of institutions and organisations worldwide, aimed at the increasingly important area of communication technology. The Journal''s emphasis is particularly on the issues impacting behaviour at the system, service and management levels. Published twelve times a year, it provides coverage of advances that have a significant potential to impact the immense technical and commercial opportunities in the communications sector. The International Journal of Communication Systems strives to select a balance of contributions that promotes technical innovation allied to practical relevance across the range of system types and issues. The Journal addresses both public communication systems (Telecommunication, mobile, Internet, and Cable TV) and private systems (Intranets, enterprise networks, LANs, MANs, WANs). The following key areas and issues are regularly covered: -Transmission/Switching/Distribution technologies (ATM, SDH, TCP/IP, routers, DSL, cable modems, VoD, VoIP, WDM, etc.) -System control, network/service management -Network and Internet protocols and standards -Client-server, distributed and Web-based communication systems -Broadband and multimedia systems and applications, with a focus on increased service variety and interactivity -Trials of advanced systems and services; their implementation and evaluation -Novel concepts and improvements in technique; their theoretical basis and performance analysis using measurement/testing, modelling and simulation -Performance evaluation issues and methods.