Changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of the timing and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status from 1979 to 2018 over the Tibetan Plateau

IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Xin Lai, Siyuan Yao, Sixian Cen, Ge Zhang, Zhehao Zhang, Suyu Zhang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Changes in the soil freeze–thaw status will inevitably affect the thermal conditions and properties of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), thereby affecting its upper atmosphere, and further afield in East Asia and even globally. In this study, using the soil temperature simulated by the Community Land Model Version 5.0 (CLM5.0), the timing and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status were divided into freeze start-date, freeze end-date and freeze duration. Then, using linear trend estimation, correlation analysis and other methods, the changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of the timing and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status from 1979 to 2018 over the TP were analysed, and the relationships between them and surface temperature, altitude and latitude were analysed. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The soil temperature simulated by CLM5.0 can reasonably reproduce the seasonal changes in multilayer soil temperature, and correlated well with observations. Simulated by CLM5.0 of the time and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status also correlated well with observations. (2) The spatial distribution of the soil freeze–thaw status is characterized by a trend of delayed freezing, advanced thawing and shortened freeze duration from northwest to southeast over the TP. From 1979 to 2018, the freeze start-date postponed by 7.3 days and became delayed at a rate of 1.9 days per decade, while the freeze end-date advanced by 6.4 days at a rate of 1.7 days per decade, and the freeze duration shortened by 13.7 days at a rate of 3.6 days per decade. The timing and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status vary across different regions of the TP. The freeze start-date in all areas of the TP has been delayed in the past 39 years. Except for the subcold zone and arid regions of the TP, the freeze end-date has occurred earlier and the freeze duration has shortened, with the most significant changes in the subcold zone and humid regions, while the freeze end-date has advanced at a rate of 3.6 days per decade and the freeze duration has shortened at a rate of 6.3 days per decade. (3) The timing and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status are significantly correlated with surface air temperature, elevation and latitude, exceeding the 99% confidence level. The correlation between the timing and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status and surface temperature is strongest, followed by altitude, and correlation with latitude is weaker. The correlation between surface air temperature and the timing and duration of the soil freeze–thaw status in the western TP is stronger than that in the eastern TP. The rate of change in the soil freeze–thaw status increases with altitude to 3000 m above sea level, while this rate decreases with elevation above 3000 m. The rate of change in the soil freeze–thaw status is greatest at 29°N, while the rate of delay in the freeze start-date is minimal at 33°N and the rates of advancement in the freeze end-date and shortening of the freeze duration are minimal at 35°N.

Abstract Image

1979-2018年青藏高原土壤冻融状态时空分布的变化
土壤冻融状态的变化将不可避免地影响青藏高原的热状况和热性质,从而影响青藏高原的高层大气,并进一步影响东亚乃至全球。本研究利用社区土地模型 5.0 版(CLM5.0)模拟的土壤温度,将土壤冻融状态的时间和持续时间分为冻结开始日、冻结结束日和冻结持续时间。然后,利用线性趋势估计、相关分析等方法,分析了1979-2018年TP上土壤冻融状态时空分布的变化,并分析了其与地表温度、海拔和纬度之间的关系。结果如下(1)CLM5.0 模拟的土壤温度能够合理再现多层土壤温度的季节变化,并与观测值具有良好的相关性。CLM5.0 模拟的土壤冻融状态的时间和持续时间与观测结果的相关性也较好。(2)土壤冻融状态的空间分布特征为冻害延迟、解冻提前、冻害持续时间缩短的趋势,由西北向东南覆盖TP。1979-2018年,冻结开始日推迟了7.3天,并以每10年1.9天的速率推迟;冻结结束日提前了6.4天,以每10年1.7天的速率提前;冻结持续时间缩短了13.7天,以每10年3.6天的速率缩短。不同地区的土壤冻融状态的时间和持续时间各不相同。在过去的 39 年中,大埔所有地区的冻结开始日期都有所推迟。除大埔亚寒带和干旱区外,其他地区的封冻结束日提前,封冻期缩短,其中以亚寒带和湿润区的变化最为显著,封冻结束日以每十年 3.6 天的速度提前,封冻期以每十年 6.3 天的速度缩短。(3)土壤冻融状态的时间和持续时间与地表气温、海拔高度和纬度显著相关,超过 99% 的置信水平。土壤冻融时间和持续时间与地表气温的相关性最强,海拔次之,与纬度的相关性较弱。西部大埔地表气温与土壤冻融时间和持续时间的相关性强于东部大埔。在海拔 3000 米以下,土壤冻融状态变化率随海拔升高而增加,而在海拔 3000 米以上,土壤冻融状态变化率随海拔升高而减小。在北纬 29°,土壤冻融状态的变化率最大,而在北纬 33°,冻害开始日期的推迟率最小,在北纬 35°,冻害结束日期的提前率和冻害持续时间的缩短率最小。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Climatology
International Journal of Climatology 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
7.70%
发文量
417
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Climatology aims to span the well established but rapidly growing field of climatology, through the publication of research papers, short communications, major reviews of progress and reviews of new books and reports in the area of climate science. The Journal’s main role is to stimulate and report research in climatology, from the expansive fields of the atmospheric, biophysical, engineering and social sciences. Coverage includes: Climate system science; Local to global scale climate observations and modelling; Seasonal to interannual climate prediction; Climatic variability and climate change; Synoptic, dynamic and urban climatology, hydroclimatology, human bioclimatology, ecoclimatology, dendroclimatology, palaeoclimatology, marine climatology and atmosphere-ocean interactions; Application of climatological knowledge to environmental assessment and management and economic production; Climate and society interactions
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