In vitro and in vivo activity of herbal and chemical treatments against Saprolegnia ferax—a causative agent for saprolegniasis

IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES
Mabel Ackah, Shimaa E. Ali, Winnie N. A. Sowah, Eunice K. Asamoah, Samuel Addo
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Abstract

Saprolegniasis is a widespread fungal-like disease, causing serious damage to cultured and wild fish populations and their eggs, with subsequent economic losses. Many existing therapeutics for this disease prophylaxis are toxic with negative impacts on the environment. This study compared the efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts and a chemical compound readily available in Ghana to assess their potential effects on controlling saprolegniasis. The fungistatic and fungicidal properties of three plant leaf extracts, namely neem leaf, bitter leaf, Indian almond leaf and the chemical, potassium permanganate, were investigated under in vitro conditions. Different concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 mg/ml were tested. The average radial growth of the fungi in the presence of the treatments and controls was assessed. The efficacy of bitter leaf extract was further evaluated under in vivo conditions by exposing 200 juvenile Nile tilapia to S. ferax spores and treatment administered at different concentrations. Fish mortality and water quality parameters were monitored. Results from the in-vitro test showed that KMnO4 and Indian almond leaf extract completely suppressed mycelial growth at the lowest tested concentration. The in-vivo treatment with bitter leaf extract at a concentration of 15 mg/ml demonstrated high efficacy in controlling S. ferax infection in Nile tilapia with a survival rate of 95%. It was concluded that the Indian almond extract was the most effective at the lowest tested concentration under the in vitro conditions. At the same time, bitter leaf was recommended for its safety for fish and widespread availability to fish farmers in Ghana.

Abstract Image

草药和化学疗法在体外和体内对阿魏沙普氏痢疾病原体的活性
蚕豆病是一种广泛传播的真菌性疾病,对养殖和野生鱼类种群及其鱼卵造成严重破坏,并带来经济损失。现有的许多预防这种疾病的疗法都具有毒性,对环境造成负面影响。这项研究比较了三种药用植物萃取物和一种在加纳很容易获得的化合物的功效,以评估它们对控制沙皮线虫病的潜在作用。在体外条件下,研究了三种植物叶提取物(苦楝树叶、苦叶、印度杏叶)和化学物质高锰酸钾的杀真菌和杀真菌特性。测试的浓度从 5 毫克/毫升到 20 毫克/毫升不等。评估了真菌在处理剂和对照组存在的情况下的平均径向生长量。通过让 200 条尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼接触阿魏孢子和不同浓度的处理剂,进一步评估了苦叶提取物在体内的功效。对鱼的死亡率和水质参数进行了监测。体外试验结果表明,KMnO4 和印度杏叶提取物在最低试验浓度下完全抑制了菌丝的生长。用浓度为 15 毫克/毫升的苦叶提取物进行体内处理后,尼罗罗非鱼感染铁锈色素的存活率达到 95%,显示出很高的防治效果。结论是,在体外条件下,印度杏仁提取物在最低测试浓度下最为有效。同时,由于苦叶对鱼类安全,而且加纳的养鱼户可以广泛使用,因此推荐使用苦叶。
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来源期刊
Aquaculture International
Aquaculture International 农林科学-渔业
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
204
审稿时长
1.0 months
期刊介绍: Aquaculture International is an international journal publishing original research papers, short communications, technical notes and review papers on all aspects of aquaculture. The Journal covers topics such as the biology, physiology, pathology and genetics of cultured fish, crustaceans, molluscs and plants, especially new species; water quality of supply systems, fluctuations in water quality within farms and the environmental impacts of aquacultural operations; nutrition, feeding and stocking practices, especially as they affect the health and growth rates of cultured species; sustainable production techniques; bioengineering studies on the design and management of offshore and land-based systems; the improvement of quality and marketing of farmed products; sociological and societal impacts of aquaculture, and more. This is the official Journal of the European Aquaculture Society.
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