Contact and non-contact physiological stress indicators in aquatic models: A review

Abstract

Background

Aquatic animals, including marine and riverine species, aquaculture varieties, and others, can experience a range of physiological and behavioral stress responses when exposed to various stressors in their living environments or during transportation. Therefore, real-time monitoring and evaluation of the stress state in aquatic animals are of great significance for ensuring their health, assessing quality status, and optimizing breeding and transportation conditions.

Scope and approach

The paper analyzes the methods for measuring physiological stress in aquatic animals under adverse conditions and innovatively proposes a novel classification method that divides the measurement approaches into contact-based and non-contact-based. It also reviews the key methods and technologies for stress signal processing and vitality status assessment. Additionally, we conduct a systematic analysis and discussion on the dynamic modeling of quality status.

Key findings and conclusions

This paper concludes by summarizing in the field of stress characteristic detection in aquatic animals, methods have gradually evolved from traditional rigid, single-scale detection to more flexible and multi-scale sensing approaches. Concurrently, stress detection technologies have shifted from focusing on single stress indicators to a comprehensive assessment of multiple stress indicators. Additionally, modeling methods for vitality and quality are developing toward multi-state analysis that integrates various influencing factors and multiple methodologies. The hypothesis is proposed and verified in this paper, which provides a model and future direction for the development of this field.