Ordered micro-nano structured biomaterials for wound healing

Abstract

The complexity of wound healing, influenced by both external factors and internal pathological mechanisms, presents a significant challenge in clinical treatment. However, strategically designed micro-nano structured scaffolds show great potential in enhancing wound healing. This article reviews groundbreaking research on ordered micro-nano structures for wound repair and tissue regeneration, highlighting their crucial roles in regulating cell behavior, promoting cell differentiation, balancing the immune microenvironment, and providing antibacterial properties. Subsequently, we provide a detailed overview of advanced technologies used to fabricate these precision structures, including template replication, electrospinning, microfluidics, and 3D printing. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for developing finely structured materials, considering both the current achievements and existing limitations.