Podzolization in a 150-year chronosequence of soils under pine timber forest on inland dunes in the Toruń Basin (Northern Poland)

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2024.108551

Michał Jankowski, Paulina Anna Rutkowska

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Studies on mechanisms and rates of podzolization have mostly been realized in natural landscapes and chronosequences. In this work, an artificial chronosequence of soils managed as a habitat for regularly planted and clear-cut, even-aged, monocultural pine stands (Pinus sylvestris) varying in age between 27 and 150 years has been investigated to determine changes in soil properties and development of genetic horizons with time and growth of pine trees. The soils in five profiles under 27-, 52-, 70-, 105- and 150-year-old pine stands are developed from poor aeolian quartz sands and situated in similar habitat conditions to one another on northern slopes of inland dunes in the Toruń Basin (northern Poland).

The studied soils represent consecutive, early stages of podzolization corresponding to the age of the tree stands. In the organic horizon, the whole sequence of three subhorizons typical of the mor type of humus (Oi-Oe-Oa) develops after ∼100 years. Organic carbon, pedogenic Fe and Al content in the eluvial (AE-E) horizon achieve relative equilibrium after 70 years of forest growth. In the illuvial (Bhs-Bs) horizon, these elements continue to accumulate along the whole chronosequence and its development is certainly not finished after 150 years. Only the soils of more than 100-year-old fulfill the criteria of Podzols according to the WRB (2022) soil classification. Younger soils, although undoubtedly podzolized, have to be classified as Arenosols. The youngest profiles (under 27 and 52-year-old pines) have inherited traces of a former cycle of pedogenesis that ran under the previous generation of pine forest. The soil cover of dune areas in the Torun Basin, which have been managed as productive pine timber forests over the last two centuries, is entirely secondary and polycyclic and does not achieve maximal developmental stage and ecological efficiency, including carbon sequestration.

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托伦盆地（波兰北部）内陆沙丘上松树林下土壤 150 年时间序列中的荚状石化作用

有关荚膜化机制和速率的研究大多是在自然景观和时序中实现的。在这项工作中，我们对一个人工时序序列进行了调查，该序列的土壤是作为定期种植和清除、均匀树龄、单一栽培的松树林（Pinus sylvestris）的栖息地进行管理的，松树林的树龄从 27 年到 150 年不等，目的是确定土壤特性的变化以及遗传地层随着时间和松树生长的发展情况。27 年、52 年、70 年、105 年和 150 年松树林下五个剖面的土壤由贫瘠的风化石英砂形成，位于托伦盆地（波兰北部）内陆沙丘的北坡，彼此的生境条件相似。在有机层中，典型的 mor 型腐殖质（Oi-Oe-Oa）的三个子层的整个序列在 100 年后形成。冲积层（AE-E）中的有机碳、铁和铝含量在森林生长 70 年后达到相对平衡。在冲积层（Bhs-Bs）中，这些元素在整个时间序列上继续累积，150 年后其发展肯定不会结束。根据 WRB（2022 年）土壤分类法，只有 100 年以上的土壤才符合 Podzols 标准。更年轻的土壤，虽然毫无疑问已经荚果化，但必须归类为赤红壤。最年轻的土壤剖面（在 27 年和 52 年树龄的松树下）继承了上一代松树林下前一轮成土过程的痕迹。托伦盆地沙丘地区的土壤植被在过去两个世纪中一直作为高产松木林进行管理，完全是次生和多环的，没有达到最大的发育阶段和生态效益，包括碳固存。

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来源期刊

Catena 环境科学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

10.50

自引率

9.70%

发文量

816

审稿时长

54 days

期刊介绍： Catena publishes papers describing original field and laboratory investigations and reviews on geoecology and landscape evolution with emphasis on interdisciplinary aspects of soil science, hydrology and geomorphology. It aims to disseminate new knowledge and foster better understanding of the physical environment, of evolutionary sequences that have resulted in past and current landscapes, and of the natural processes that are likely to determine the fate of our terrestrial environment. Papers within any one of the above topics are welcome provided they are of sufficiently wide interest and relevance.