Insights into source-specific PM2.5 mass, light extinction, and health risks in heavily polluted urban and suburban areas, northwestern China

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Urban Climate Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102205

Julian Shi , Chongshu Zhu , Suixin Liu , Yao Qu , Wenting Dai , Nan Wang , Luyao Wang , Yue Zhou , Rui Li , Yingqiang Shi , Junji Cao

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Abstract

To investigate the source apportionments of PM_2.5 mass, light extinction, and health risk in a typical polluted Chinese city (Xianyang), urban and suburban PM_2.5 samples were collected during the heating season (HS) and the non-heating season (NHS), respectively. Heightened levels of PM_2.5 and chemical components were observed during the HS, particularly in urban areas. The urban and suburban PM_2.5 concentrations were 132.1 ± 56.8 μg m⁻³ and 91.8 ± 42.5 μg m⁻³ during the HS, which were 2.8 and 2.3 times higher than the NHS levels, respectively. High levels of urban nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) during the HS and suburban sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) during the NHS were obtained. Organic matter and secondary inorganic aerosols (SNA: SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, and NH₄⁺) were the predominant components of PM_2.5. Compared to the HS, increased SNA and geological material were observed in the NHS. NH₄NO₃ was the dominant contributor to the light extinction coefficient (b_ext). The results indicated that PM_2.5 mass, health risks from heavy metals, and b_ext were primarily attributed to biomass burning, industrial emissions, and secondary aerosols, respectively. Enhanced emission abatement of major primary sources and reducing the precursors of secondary aerosols could effectively improve visibility in the areas.

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对中国西北部重度污染城市和郊区特定来源 PM2.5 质量、光消光和健康风险的见解

为了研究中国典型污染城市（咸阳）的 PM2.5 质量、光消光和健康风险的来源分配，我们分别在采暖季和非采暖季采集了市区和郊区的 PM2.5 样品。在采暖季，尤其是在城区，观察到 PM2.5 和化学成分的水平升高。供暖季期间，市区和郊区的 PM2.5 浓度分别为 132.1 ± 56.8 μg m-3 和 91.8 ± 42.5 μg m-3，分别是非供暖季的 2.8 倍和 2.3 倍。在 HS 期间，城市氮氧化物比率（NOR）和 NHS 期间郊区硫氧化物比率（SOR）均达到较高水平。有机物和二次无机气溶胶（SNA：SO42-、NO3- 和 NH4+）是 PM2.5 的主要成分。与 HS 相比，NHS 中的 SNA 和地质物质有所增加。NH4NO3 是光消光系数（bext）的主要成分。结果表明，PM2.5 质量、重金属的健康风险和 bext 分别主要归因于生物质燃烧、工业排放和二次气溶胶。加强主要一次来源的减排和减少二次气溶胶的前体物质可有效改善这些地区的能见度。

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来源期刊

Urban Climate Social Sciences-Urban Studies

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

9.40%

发文量

286

期刊介绍： Urban Climate serves the scientific and decision making communities with the publication of research on theory, science and applications relevant to understanding urban climatic conditions and change in relation to their geography and to demographic, socioeconomic, institutional, technological and environmental dynamics and global change. Targeted towards both disciplinary and interdisciplinary audiences, this journal publishes original research papers, comprehensive review articles, book reviews, and short communications on topics including, but not limited to, the following: Urban meteorology and climate[...] Urban environmental pollution[...] Adaptation to global change[...] Urban economic and social issues[...] Research Approaches[...]