Strengthening, lifetime extension, and monitoring of a deficient steel–concrete composite roadway bridge using iron-based shape memory alloys

IF 5.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Engineering Structures Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119286

Jakub Vůjtěch , Pavel Ryjáček , Hessamoddin Moshayedi , Jose Campos Matos , Elyas Ghafoori

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study presents an innovative application of smart metals for the prestressed strengthening of roadway bridges. The target structure is a steel–concrete composite bridge, in which poor construction practices cause nonlinear creep, excessive deflection, and crack growth. However, the high flood water level of the creek below the bridge limits the application of conventional strengthening solutions. Therefore, an innovative strengthening method using iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) bars for the post-tensioning of bridge members was designed and employed. The study framework encompassed the design, laboratory examination, installation, and monitoring of Fe-SMA reinforcements. A finite-element simulation was used to estimate the effect of applied prestressing on the stress distribution of the structure. High-cycle fatigue tests of Fe-SMA bars with different types of connections at room temperature and –20 °C, were conducted to select the most reliable connections. A total of approximately 825 m of Fe-SMA bars with a diameter of 18 mm, comprising 68 Fe-SMA bars, were installed and activated. A wireless sensor monitoring system consisting of strain gauges, potentiometers, linear-variable differential transformer sensors, and thermocouples was utilized to measure the changes in strain and stress of the designed system under field conditions. The results revealed a prestress loss of 8.5 % owing to relaxation after six months, which match well to the values obtained by the laboratory tests. A second static loading test was conducted approximately six months after strengthening, and the results indicated a 9 % reduction in mid-span deflection and a remarkable 106 % reduction in average stresses in the lower flange at the mid-span of the beams. The results of monitoring the bridge for a duration longer than 6 months highlighted a significant decrease in the mid-span deflection and indicated the potential of Fe-SMAs for the lifetime extension of bridges.

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使用铁基形状记忆合金加固、延长使用寿命并监测有缺陷的钢-混凝土复合材料公路桥梁

本研究介绍了智能金属在公路桥梁预应力加固中的创新应用。目标结构是一座钢-混凝土复合结构桥梁，其中不良的施工方法会导致非线性蠕变、过大的挠度和裂缝增长。然而，桥下小溪的洪水位较高，限制了传统加固方案的应用。因此，我们设计并采用了一种创新的加固方法，使用铁基形状记忆合金（Fe-SMA）杆件对桥梁构件进行后张拉加固。研究框架包括 Fe-SMA 加固材料的设计、实验室检查、安装和监控。采用有限元模拟估算了施加预应力对结构应力分布的影响。在室温和零下 20 °C的条件下，对采用不同连接方式的 Fe-SMA 钢筋进行了高循环疲劳试验，以选出最可靠的连接方式。共安装并激活了约 825 米直径为 18 毫米的 Fe-SMA 杆件，其中包括 68 根 Fe-SMA 杆件。由应变计、电位计、线性可变差动变压器传感器和热电偶组成的无线传感器监测系统用于测量设计系统在现场条件下的应变和应力变化。结果显示，6 个月后由于松弛造成的预应力损失为 8.5%，与实验室测试得出的数值完全吻合。在加固约六个月后进行了第二次静态加载试验，结果表明跨中挠度减少了 9%，梁跨中下翼缘的平均应力显著减少了 106%。对桥梁进行超过 6 个月的监测结果表明，中跨挠度显著减小，这表明铁-SMA 具有延长桥梁使用寿命的潜力。

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来源期刊

Engineering Structures 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

14.50%

发文量

1385

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Engineering Structures provides a forum for a broad blend of scientific and technical papers to reflect the evolving needs of the structural engineering and structural mechanics communities. Particularly welcome are contributions dealing with applications of structural engineering and mechanics principles in all areas of technology. The journal aspires to a broad and integrated coverage of the effects of dynamic loadings and of the modelling techniques whereby the structural response to these loadings may be computed. The scope of Engineering Structures encompasses, but is not restricted to, the following areas: infrastructure engineering; earthquake engineering; structure-fluid-soil interaction; wind engineering; fire engineering; blast engineering; structural reliability/stability; life assessment/integrity; structural health monitoring; multi-hazard engineering; structural dynamics; optimization; expert systems; experimental modelling; performance-based design; multiscale analysis; value engineering. Topics of interest include: tall buildings; innovative structures; environmentally responsive structures; bridges; stadiums; commercial and public buildings; transmission towers; television and telecommunication masts; foldable structures; cooling towers; plates and shells; suspension structures; protective structures; smart structures; nuclear reactors; dams; pressure vessels; pipelines; tunnels. Engineering Structures also publishes review articles, short communications and discussions, book reviews, and a diary on international events related to any aspect of structural engineering.