Hierarchical core-shell transitional metal chalcogenides Co9S8/ CoSe2@C nanocube embedded into porous carbon for tunable and efficient microwave absorption

Abstract

In the domain of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials, the selection of suitable components and microstructures is an effective approach for designing the intense coupling of wave impedance and EM dissipation. In this study, we have successfully fabricated a double-carbon modified Co₉S₈/CoSe₂ nanocube, where the core-shell Co₉S₈/CoSe₂@C cube was anchored onto porous carbon (PC). The existence of three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon and the fabrication of Co₉S₈/CoSe₂@C distributed on carbon nanosheets contribute to the improvement of conduction, magnetic losses, and the optimization of impedance matching. Substantial heterogeneous interfaces are generated between Co₉S₈, CoSe₂, carbon shells, and PC, leading to extensive interfacial polarization and facilitating the transformation of EM energy into thermal energy. The abundant defects, S and Se vacancies in carbon component can act as polarization centers, inducing dipolar polarization and thus increasing the electromagnetic wave (EMW) loss. The Co₉S₈/CoSe₂@C@PC exhibits the best microwave absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −64.1 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.3 GHz. The High-Frequency Structure Simulator results indicate the RCS values of the samples within the range of −90 °C < θ < 90 °C are lower than −20 dB m², which can achieve almost full-angle coverage in the actual environment. This research offers inspiration and strategies for the design and synthesis of multi-component magneto-electric composites based on transitional metal chalcogenides.