Ardulake temperature profiler: An open-source, low-cost, automated monitoring system to unravel the mixing behavior of lakes

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

HardwareX Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI:10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00606

Guillermo Goyenola, Javier García-Climent

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Understanding the thermal classification of lakes based on mixing regimes is fundamental in limnology. Although this classification has traditionally been considered well-established, recent studies highlight variations in the mixing behaviors of ponds and shallow lakes. This paper introduces the Ardulake temperature profiler, an innovative, simple, and autonomous high-frequency temperature monitoring system designed for shallow to moderately deep lakes (3.5 to 10 m). Utilizing Arduino technology and GPRS telemetry, the system is cost-effective, with electronic components and sensors costing approximately USD 250 and buoy construction and deployment around USD 1000. The Ardulake enables real-time environmental temperature monitoring and data storage on an online platform for subsequent analysis and visualization. The collected data supports ecosystem research and the numerical modeling of thermal behavior in lakes. Key strengths of the system include low production and maintenance costs, replicability, and customization capabilities. Challenges, such as interference from animal activity, are addressed with recommended preventive measures tailored to specific fauna. Overall, the Ardulake temperature profiler offers a practical tool for advancing limnological research, with potential for modification to various environmental monitoring objectives.

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Ardulake 温度剖面仪：用于揭示湖泊混合行为的开源、低成本自动监测系统

了解基于混合机制的湖泊热分类是湖沼学的基础。虽然这种分类方法历来被认为是行之有效的，但最近的研究突出显示了池塘和浅水湖泊混合行为的变化。本文介绍了 Ardulake 温度剖面仪，这是一种创新、简单、自主的高频温度监测系统，专为浅至中等深度的湖泊（3.5 米至 10 米）而设计。该系统利用 Arduino 技术和 GPRS 遥测技术，成本效益高，电子元件和传感器成本约为 250 美元，浮标建造和部署成本约为 1000 美元。Ardulake 可实现实时环境温度监测，并将数据存储在在线平台上，供后续分析和可视化使用。收集到的数据可为生态系统研究和湖泊热行为数值建模提供支持。该系统的主要优势包括低生产和维护成本、可复制性和定制能力。针对动物活动的干扰等挑战，该系统提出了针对特定动物的预防措施建议。总之，Ardulake 温度剖面仪为推进湖泊学研究提供了一个实用工具，并具有根据各种环境监测目标进行修改的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

HardwareX Engineering-Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

18.20%

发文量

124

审稿时长

24 weeks

期刊介绍： HardwareX is an open access journal established to promote free and open source designing, building and customizing of scientific infrastructure (hardware). HardwareX aims to recognize researchers for the time and effort in developing scientific infrastructure while providing end-users with sufficient information to replicate and validate the advances presented. HardwareX is open to input from all scientific, technological and medical disciplines. Scientific infrastructure will be interpreted in the broadest sense. Including hardware modifications to existing infrastructure, sensors and tools that perform measurements and other functions outside of the traditional lab setting (such as wearables, air/water quality sensors, and low cost alternatives to existing tools), and the creation of wholly new tools for either standard or novel laboratory tasks. Authors are encouraged to submit hardware developments that address all aspects of science, not only the final measurement, for example, enhancements in sample preparation and handling, user safety, and quality control. The use of distributed digital manufacturing strategies (e.g. 3-D printing) is encouraged. All designs must be submitted under an open hardware license.