Design of band reconfigurable Koch fractal antenna for wideband applications

IF 3 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI:10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155592

Khushbu Patel, Santanu Kumar Behera

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Abstract

In this communication, a band reconfigurable fractal antenna with modified partial ground is proposed for wireless applications. Four switches using PIN diodes supported by the antenna biasing circuit provide frequency reconfigurability, while star-shaped fractal geometry is used to achieve both miniaturisation and wideband functioning in the proposed antenna. The surface current distribution of the radiating patch is altered by the ON and OFF states of the PIN diode, which leads to the multiband resonance and reconfiguration features of the designed structure. The design has an overall electrical size of 70 × 45 × 1.6 mm³ and is made on a commonly available FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4. The three operational bands are as follows: case I, which covers 3.7–5 GHz (30 %); case II, which covers 1.7–3.5 GHz (71 %); and case III, which covers 1.4–4 GHz (96 %). Two distinct bands are obtained in cases I and II; and case III nearly covers the frequency band of cases I and II. Therefore, the impedance bandwidth (IBW) offers continuous wideband frequency coverage from 1.4 to 5 GHz (110 %). To sense the full band and then modify its bandwidth to choose the appropriate sub-band and prefilter out the others, the proposed antenna may switch between a wide operational band of 1.4–5 GHz with three distinct subbands. The antenna could potentially be useful for wireless communication systems in the future due to its frequency-selective feature and stable radiation patterns.

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为宽带应用设计频带可重构的 Koch 分形天线

在这篇通讯中，针对无线应用提出了一种带可重构分形天线，该天线具有改进的部分接地。天线偏压电路支持的四个 PIN 二极管开关提供了频率可重构性，而星形分形几何则实现了天线的小型化和宽带功能。PIN 二极管的导通和关断状态会改变辐射贴片的表面电流分布，从而导致设计结构的多频带共振和重配置特性。设计的整体电气尺寸为 70 × 45 × 1.6 mm3，采用厚度为 1.6 mm、介电常数为 4.4 的常见 FR4 基板。三个工作频带如下：情况 I 涵盖 3.7-5 GHz（30%）；情况 II 涵盖 1.7-3.5 GHz（71%）；情况 III 涵盖 1.4-4 GHz（96%）。情况 I 和情况 II 得到了两个不同的频带；情况 III 几乎覆盖了情况 I 和情况 II 的频带。因此，阻抗带宽（IBW）提供了从 1.4 到 5 GHz（110 %）的连续宽带频率覆盖。为了感测全频段，然后修改带宽以选择适当的子频段并预滤掉其他频段，拟议的天线可以在 1.4-5 GHz 的宽工作频段和三个不同的子频段之间切换。由于其频率选择特性和稳定的辐射模式，该天线有可能在未来的无线通信系统中发挥作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

18.80%

发文量

292

审稿时长

4.9 months

期刊介绍： AEÜ is an international scientific journal which publishes both original works and invited tutorials. The journal''s scope covers all aspects of theory and design of circuits, systems and devices for electronics, signal processing, and communication, including: signal and system theory, digital signal processing network theory and circuit design information theory, communication theory and techniques, modulation, source and channel coding switching theory and techniques, communication protocols optical communications microwave theory and techniques, radar, sonar antennas, wave propagation AEÜ publishes full papers and letters with very short turn around time but a high standard review process. Review cycles are typically finished within twelve weeks by application of modern electronic communication facilities.