A multi-scale modeling approach for predicting and mitigating thermal runaway in electric vehicle batteries

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103029

V.S. Hemakumar , V.J. Chakravarthy , Srigitha Surendranath , Venkateswarlu Gundu , M. Ramkumar Prabhu , S Hari Chandra Prasad

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study presents a unique multi-scale modelling technique for electric vehicle (EV) battery thermal runaway prediction models using electrochemical, thermal, and machine learning approaches. This modelling framework has illuminated the thermal runaway’s physical process and the race between heat production and dissipation at the cell, module, and pack levels.

Experimental evaluation has demonstrated solid predictive performance for each component. The modified pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) electrochemical model has achieved high voltage prediction accuracy (mean absolute error: 8.5 mV), and the 3D thermal model has captured battery module temperatures with an average error of ± 1.5 °C.

The machine learning model has exhibited 96.8% accuracy, excellent classification precision, and an 18.3-minute early warning time. It was also demonstrated that the integrated multi-scale model outperformed standalone single-scale models with 15% higher prediction accuracy and 32% higher average early warning time.

Based on these findings, adaptive cooling techniques, unique charge/discharge procedures, and early isolation methods were created. Simulations showed that these mitigation techniques decreased thermal runaway occurrence by 78% and severity by 93%. Despite its high computing cost, this technique might improve EV battery safety, guide battery pack design, and accelerate EV adoption, which would cut carbon emissions.

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预测和缓解电动汽车电池热失控的多尺度建模方法

本研究采用电化学、热学和机器学习方法，为电动汽车（EV）电池热失控预测模型提出了一种独特的多尺度建模技术。该建模框架阐明了热失控的物理过程，以及电池、模块和电池组层面的产热和散热之间的竞赛。改进的伪二维（P2D）电化学模型实现了较高的电压预测精度（平均绝对误差：8.5 mV），三维热模型捕捉到的电池模块温度平均误差为 ± 1.5 °C。研究还表明，集成的多尺度模型优于独立的单尺度模型，预测准确率高出 15%，平均预警时间高出 32%。根据这些研究结果，创建了自适应冷却技术、独特的充放电程序和早期隔离方法。模拟显示，这些缓解技术将热失控发生率降低了 78%，严重程度降低了 93%。尽管这项技术的计算成本很高，但它可以提高电动汽车电池的安全性，指导电池组设计，加快电动汽车的普及，从而减少碳排放。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Chemical Engineering-Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

10.40%

发文量

327

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Thermal Science and Engineering Progress (TSEP) publishes original, high-quality research articles that span activities ranging from fundamental scientific research and discussion of the more controversial thermodynamic theories, to developments in thermal engineering that are in many instances examples of the way scientists and engineers are addressing the challenges facing a growing population – smart cities and global warming – maximising thermodynamic efficiencies and minimising all heat losses. It is intended that these will be of current relevance and interest to industry, academia and other practitioners. It is evident that many specialised journals in thermal and, to some extent, in fluid disciplines tend to focus on topics that can be classified as fundamental in nature, or are ‘applied’ and near-market. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress will bridge the gap between these two areas, allowing authors to make an easy choice, should they or a journal editor feel that their papers are ‘out of scope’ when considering other journals. The range of topics covered by Thermal Science and Engineering Progress addresses the rapid rate of development being made in thermal transfer processes as they affect traditional fields, and important growth in the topical research areas of aerospace, thermal biological and medical systems, electronics and nano-technologies, renewable energy systems, food production (including agriculture), and the need to minimise man-made thermal impacts on climate change. Review articles on appropriate topics for TSEP are encouraged, although until TSEP is fully established, these will be limited in number. Before submitting such articles, please contact one of the Editors, or a member of the Editorial Advisory Board with an outline of your proposal and your expertise in the area of your review.