Assessing the effect of minimally invasive lipid extraction on parchment integrity by artificial ageing and integrated analytical techniques

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111076

Marc Vermeulen , Samuel P. Johns , Gwen dePolo , Pedro Maximo Rocha , Matthew J. Collins , Lora Angelova , Mélanie Roffet-Salque

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Abstract

To assess the short and long-term effect of a newly developed minimally invasive lipid extraction method on parchment, sacrificial pieces of parchments were subjected to artificial ageing and investigated using various analytical methods. Lipids were extracted using our novel vacuum-aided extraction method and characterised by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC-FID). Lipids were identified as arising from degraded animal fats. The physical, molecular, and mechanical properties of the parchment samples before/after lipid extraction, and before/after ageing were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pure shear single notch fracture testing. SEM imaging allowed for an assessment of potential structural changes of the collagen fibres while FTIR was used to investigate the possible molecular changes indicated by changes in amide I and II bands. Mechanical tests were used to record the changes in brittleness and stiffness occurring in the materials through lipid extraction and ageing. The multimodal investigation did not highlight measurable changes in the structural, molecular, and mechanical properties of the lipid-extracted parchment, thus indicating the suitability for the minimally invasive lipid extraction method to be applied to historical parchments.

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通过人工老化和综合分析技术评估微创脂质提取对羊皮纸完整性的影响

为了评估新开发的微创脂质提取方法对羊皮纸的短期和长期影响，我们对羊皮纸牺牲品进行了人工老化，并使用各种分析方法对其进行了研究。我们采用新颖的真空辅助提取法提取脂质，并通过高温气相色谱法（HTGC-FID）进行表征。经鉴定，脂质来自降解的动物脂肪。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和纯剪切单缺口断裂测试评估了羊皮纸样品在脂质提取前后和老化前后的物理、分子和机械性能。扫描电子显微镜成像可评估胶原纤维的潜在结构变化，而傅立叶变换红外光谱则用于研究酰胺 I 和 II 波段变化所显示的可能的分子变化。机械测试用于记录材料在脂质提取和老化过程中发生的脆性和硬度变化。多模态调查并未突出显示提取脂质的羊皮纸在结构、分子和机械性能方面发生了可测量的变化，从而表明微创脂质提取方法适用于历史悠久的羊皮纸。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.